422 LXVII. URTICACE^E. [Ficus. 



Aug., Sept. In Ouclh it only attains 12 ft., with a girth of 2 ft. It is said that 

 the leaves are used for polishing wood. The fruit is eaten. 



F. conglomerate Roxb. 1. c. 559, Wight Ic. t. 669, is probably the same species ; 

 it is said to differ by shorter leaves and sessile receptacles. 



14. F. glomerata, Roxb. Tab. XLIX. Cor. PI. t. 123; Fl. Ind. 

 558 ; Wight Ic. t. 667. Syn. Covellia glomerata, Miq. Sans. Udum- 

 bara. Yem.Kathgular, krumbal, rumbalykakammal^dadhuri, Pb. ; Gular, 

 paroa, lelka, N.W.P. ; Gular, Oudh, Banda; Umar, Umrai, tue, C.P. ; 

 Thapan, yay thapan, Burm. 



A middle-sized or large tree, youngest shoots pubescent. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, glabrous when full-grown, entire, under side pale, and covered with 

 minute green dots, main lateral nerves 6-8 pair, the lowest pair near the 

 base, blade 4-6, petiole 1-2 in. long. Receptacles pedunculate, downy, in 

 short thick paniculate clusters on the trunk and larger branches. Male 

 flowers few, near the mouth of receptacle, perianth of broad, very thin, 

 hyaline segments closely enveloping each other, enclosing 1 or 2 unequal 

 stamens, filaments short, connate at the base. Female flowers mostly long- 

 pedicellate. Fruit subglobose, 1-2 in. diam., downy, red or orange coloured 

 when ripe. 



Salt range (rare), Siwalik tract and outer Himalaya. Common in Oudh 

 and the Gangetic plain. Bengal, Central and South India. Generally on 

 the banks of streams and rivers. North Australia and Queensland (Benth. 

 Fl. Austr. vi. 178). Often planted, also in the plains of the eastern Panjab. 

 The fruit generally ripens from April to July ; the leaves are renewed be- 

 tween Jan. and April. Attains 40-60 ft., and a girth of 5-8 ft., with a short 

 stem and large spreading branches. Stewart measured an old hollow tree in 

 the Bias valley of 14 ft. girth, and trees 80-100 ft. high have been reported from 

 the Sutlej. Bark \ in. thick, grey or brown, without cracks or furrows, but in 

 old trees occasionally rough from exfoliating scales. "Wood reddish or brownish 

 grey, no distinct heartwood, the cub. ft. weighs 36.26 lb. (Cunningham, Gwalior), 

 26.5 lb. (R. T., Cent. Prov.) From Cunningham's experiments, the value of P. 

 appears to be between 403 and 513. Lasts well under water, but is otherwise 

 not durable. It is used for well-frames. The tree abounds in milky juice, from 

 which bird-lime is made ; the leaves are used for cattle- and elephant-fodder. 

 The ripe fruit is eaten ; in times of scarcity the unripe fruit is pounded, mixed 

 with flour, and made into cakes. Leaves, bark, and fruit are used in native 

 medicine. 



15. F. Roxburghii, Wall. ; Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 296. Syn. 

 F. macrophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 556 (not Desf.); Wight Ic. t. 673. 

 F. sderocarpa, Griff. Ic. PI. As. t. 558 (?) Covellia macrophylla, Miq. Hook. 

 Journ. Bot. vii. 465. Vern. Urbul, urmul, baru, tusi, trimbal, trimal, 

 tramal, tirmi, tiamle, Pb. ; Trimmal, tlmal, timla, N.W.P. 



A middle-sized tree, with hollow branchlets ; under side of leaves hoary 

 or with soft grey pubescence. Leaves broad- ovate, with deeply cordate 

 base, acute, irregularly dentate, 3 basal and 4-6 main lateral nerves on either 

 side of midrib, joined by prominent transverse veins at right angles to basal 

 and lateral nerves; blade 6-18 in. long, petiole 1-4. in. Fruit tubercled, 

 hairy, yellowish green, tinged with red when ripe, turbinate, 1-2 in. long, 

 2-3 in. broad, marked with 8-12 longitudinal ridges, mouth closed with 



