Cudrania.] LXVII. URTICACE^E. 425 



bricate concave segments. Ovary free, 1 -celled, with a solitary pendu- 

 lous ovule ; style simple, stigma filiform. Nuts free, enclosed in the con- 

 solidated fleshy perianth and receptacle ; pericarp crustaceous. Albumen 

 scanty or 0. 



1. C. javanensis, Trecul; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 179 (not Wight Ic. t. 

 1960). Syn. Madura javanica, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. ii. t. 31. 

 Trojjhis spinosa, Wall. Vern. Manda, mandei, Jcangu, N.W.P. 



A straggling shrub, armed with axillary, straight or curved, spines ; 

 branchlets pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous, short-petiolate, 1-4 

 in. long, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute or obtuse, entire, pen- 

 niveined and reticulate, but veins not prominent. Flower-heads pubescent, 

 globose, axillary, solitary or 2 together, short-pedunculate, the males J in. 

 diam., the females smaller at first, but increasing, when mature, to f in. 

 or more. Male flowers closely packed, perianth leaves 3-5 distinct, often 

 unequal, cuneate, the upper part concave and hairy outside. Filaments 

 short, not inflexed in bud, inserted round a glabrous, subulate rudimen- 

 tary ovary, anthers oblong, 2-celled. Female flowers crowded, more or 

 less immersed in the fleshy receptacle. Leaves of perianth 4, upper part 

 thickened and velvety. Style one, short, barely exserted. Fruit a com- 

 pound, irregularly-shaped berry as large as a small Custard apple (Mad- 

 den), formed of the enlarged fleshy perianths and receptacle, each perianth 

 enclosing a one-seeded nut. 



Dehra Doon, Garhwal, Eohilkhand, Nepal, Oudh, Sikkim, Kasia, Burma, 

 Ceylon, Eastern Africa, Indian Archipelago, Queensland, and New South Wales. 

 Fl. April-June ; fr. Aug.-Nov. Bark smooth, yellowish brown or blackish, 

 marked with white oblong lenticels. "Wood used as fuel. 



10. ARTOCARPUS, Linn. 



Evergreen trees with milky juice ; leaves alternate. Flowers monoicous. 

 Male and female in" distinct, globose or cylindrical heads. Male flowers : 

 perianth 2-3-4-phyllous, segments free or connate, concave, imbricate in 

 aestivation. Stamen 1, exserted. Female flowers : perianth tubular, entire, 

 with a minute mouth. Ovary free, 1-locular (rarely 2-3-locular), with a 

 solitary pendulous ovule; style terminal or lateral, simple or 2-3-fid), 

 stigma various. Nuts enclosed in the persistent perianths, which are con- 

 solidated in a large fleshy syncarpium. Seed exalbuminous. 



Nearly glabrous ; branchlets with annular scars . . 1. A. integrifolia. 



Extremities and under side of leaves grey-tomentose ; branchlets 



without annular scars 2. A. Lakoocha. 



1. A. integrifolia, Linn. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 522 ; Wight Ic. t. 678 j 

 Bot. Mag. t. 2833, 2834. Jack-tree. Sans. Panasa. Vern. Kanthal, 

 katol, Jcathal, N.W. India ; Phanas, Bombay ; Pein nayben, Burm. 



A large tree, glabrous, only youngest shoots with short stiff hairs; 

 branchlets with annular raised lines, the scars of the stipules. Leaves 

 coriaceous, smooth, shining above, rough beneath, elliptic or obovate, 

 obtuse, midrib prominent beneath, with 7-8 main lateral nerves on either 



