426 LXVII. UKTICACEiE. [Artocarpus. 



side of midrib ; blade 4-8 in., petiole J-l in. long, stipules large, with a 

 broad amplexicaul base, sheathing in bud, early caducous ; leaves of young 

 plants and of shoots from the root often lobed. Flower-heads ovoid, 

 elongated, on short lateral branchlets, generally on the trunk or larger 

 branches. Fruit large, hanging on short stalks, oblong, fleshy, with a 

 thick cylindrical receptacle and a muricated rind 12-30 in. long and 6-12 

 in. diam. Seeds reniform, oily. 



Cultivated in N.W. India (rare in the Panjab, and not beyond Lahore), in 

 Oudh, Bengal, Central and South India, Burma, Ceylon, and the Indian Archi- 

 pelago. Begarding its native home, there is yet some uncertainty. Rumphius 

 (Herbarium Amboinense, i. 106) states that it grows in the forests of Ceylon, like 

 other forest trees, but Thwaites, Enum. PI. Ceyl. 262, is of opinion that it cannot 

 be considered truly indigenous. In the Indian Archipelago the tree is believed 

 to be cultivated only, and in Burma, though the Jack is often found in large 

 and dense forests (e. g., in the Attaran district), yet I have only found it in the 

 vicinity of deserted settlements. According to Wight 1. c. and Beddome (Fl. 

 Sylv. Manual, p. 219), the tree is wild in the mountain forests of the western 

 Ghats, ascending to 4000 ft. Fl. Dec-Feb. ; fr. May-July. Attains 40-50 ft., 

 with a short erect trunk of great girth, and a dense shady crown. Bark thick, 

 often with deep cracks, inner substance soft. Sapwood white, heartwood yellow 

 when fresh cut, reddish brown when seasoned, the wood of old trees some- 

 what resembling mahogany in colour and appearance. Takes a beautiful polish. 

 Medullary rays sharply defined, light-coloured, of moderate width, pores large, 

 uniformly distributed, each pore in a patch of yellow tissue, often in concentric- 

 ally arranged patches or interrupted bands. "Weight between 42 and 45 lb. 

 per cub. ft. Value of P. 788, Skinner ; between 513 and 889, Puckle ; fracture 

 splintery. Warps and cracks unless well seasoned. Used for carpentry and 

 furniture, and imported into England for cabinet-work, turning, and for brush- 

 backs. A yellow dye is made of the wood. The leaves, bark, and the rind of 

 the fruit abound in a tenacious white milk, used as bird-lime. The fruit is an 

 important article of food in Burma, South India, and Ceylon, the seeds are 

 roasted and eaten. Young trees bear fruit on the branches, older trees on the 

 trunk, and very old trees often at the base of the trunk near the root. 



Other species with amplexicaul stipules and annular scars on branchlets are : 

 1. A. Chaplasha, Roxb. 1. c. 525 ; Wight Ic. t. 682 Vern. Chaplash, Beng., 

 Taun peinnayhen (Mountain Jack), Burm., a gigantic timber-tree of East Bengal 

 and Burma, wood prized for canoes, structure similar to that of A. integrifolia. 

 Leaves of young plants pinnatifid, of old trees entire ; flower-heads globose, long- 

 pedunculate ; fruit globose, the size of a large orange. 2. A. hirsuta, Lam.; 

 Roxb. I.e. 521 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 308 ; Angeli wood. Vern. Heb Halsu, Canar., 

 a most valuable timber-tree of the evergreen forests of the western Ghats, male 

 fl. in long cylindrical spikes ; fruit ovoid, size of a large lemon, the tops of peri- 

 anths enlarging and forming numerous hispid spines. Wood strong, close- 

 grained, of a yellowish brown colour, highly prized for ship-building and other 

 purposes, weight per cub. ft. 36-40 lb., P. = 744. 3. A. incisa,IAim. ; Bot. Mag. 

 t. 2869-71, the Breadfruit-tree, a native of the South Sea Islands, but now in- 

 troduced into most tropical countries ; bears fruit on the western coast, in 

 Ceylon, and in Burma. Leaves pinnatifid, with a connate base 1-3 ft. long, male 

 fl. in club-shaped spikes. 



2. A. Lakoocha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 524 ; Wight Ic. t. 681. Sans. 

 Lakucha. Vern. Tiun, dheu, daheo, Pb. ; Dhau, dahu, Kamaon ; Barlial, 

 Banda, Behar ; Dejphul, Bengal; Myavldouh, Burm. 



