Uhnus.] LXVIL URTICACEiE. 431 



13. ULMXJS, Linn. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, more or less distichous, unequal- 

 sided leaves and caducous stipules. Flowers bisexual, in lateral fascicles. 

 Perianth campanulate, generally persistent, 4 - 5 - or 8 - 9 - fid, segments 

 imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as perianth-lobes, adnate to the 

 tube of perianth, and opposite to its segments; anthers fixed by the 

 back. Ovary free, 1-2-celled; styles 2, papillose on the inner face, 1 

 ovule in each cell. Fruit an indehiscent flat samara, surrounded on all 

 sides with a broad membranous wing, on an articulate pedicel. Seed 

 pendulous, no albumen, embryo straight, radicle superior. 



In the following synopsis I have included, besides the North Indian species, 

 the more important of the European Elms, as some of them are closely allied to 

 the North- West Himalayan species. 



Leaves entire ; perianth deciduous ; ovary long- stipitate . 1. U. integrifoUa. 

 Leaves serrate ; perianth persistent ; ovary subsessile. 



Stamens and perianth-segments 5-8 ; flowers appear before 

 the leaves. 

 Pedicels more than twice the length of perianth ; sta- 

 mens and perianth-segments 5-8. 

 Articulation of pedicel near its base, lower portion 

 much shorter than upper ; samara not fringed at 



edges 2. TJ. Wallichiana. 



Articulation of pedicel near the top ; lower portion 

 much longer than upper ; samara fringed at the 



edge with long hairs 3. TJ. effusa. 



Pedicels less than twice the length of perianth ; sta- 

 mens and perianth-segments 5-6. 

 Seed in the middle of samara . . . . . 4. TJ. montana. 



Seed near upper end of samara 5. TJ. campestris. 



Stamens and perianth-segments 4 ; flowers appear with the 



leaves 6. TJ. parvifolia. 



1. U. integrifolia, Eoxb. PL Cor. t. 78 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 68 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 

 t. 310. Syn. Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch. DC. Prodr. xvii. 164; 

 Wight Ic. t. 1968. Vern. Papri, Jchulen, arjan, raj din, kacham, Pb. ; 

 Papar, kanju, Kamaon ; Papri, Bhartpur ; Dhamna, kunj, Oudh ; Kar- 

 anji, chilbil, chilmil, kumba, kunja nali, begana, Cent. Prov. ; Chilla, 

 Banda ; Wawali, Mar. ; Navili chettu, Tel. 



A large deciduous tree, usually glabrous, only inflorescence pubescent. 

 Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, acuminate, entire, those of seedlings and root- 

 shoots sometimes serrate, blade 3-5, petiole J in. long, main lateral nerves 

 5-7 pair. Male and bisexual flowers mixed, in cymose lateral fascicles. 

 Perianth hairy, nearly cleft to the base, segments 5. Stamens in bisexual 

 flowers 5, in male flowers 8, anthers hairy, no rudiment of ovary in male 

 flowers. Ovary stipitate, compressed, generally 1 -celled. Samara oval or 

 suborbicular, unequal-sided, 1 in. long, on a long slender articulate pedicel, 

 the upper portion being the elongated stalk of the ovary, often with the 

 remains of the perianth at its base. A variety with pubescent extremities 

 and under side of leaves from Ceylon. 



Sub-Himalayan tract, extending west to the Bias, but rare between Jumna and 

 Bias. Common in Garhwal and Kamaon, ascending to 2000 ft. Abundant in 



