444 LXIX. EUPHOltBIACEiE. [Mallotus. 



1. M. philippinensis, Miill. Arg. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 289. Syn. Rott- 

 lera tinctoria, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 168; Fl. Ind. iii. 827. Sans. Punnaga, 

 kesara. Vern. Kamela, karnila, Jcamal, kambal, kembal, kumila, North 

 India ; Ruen, riuna, roll, Kamaon ; Rohni, Oudh ; Rauni rori, C.P. ; 

 Shendri, Bombay ; Taw thidin, Burm. 



A large shrub or small tree, branchlets, inflorescence and under side of 

 leaves hoary. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, entire, glabrous 

 above, hoary and with minute red glands beneath, blade 4-9 in., petiole 

 2-3 in. long, 2 depressed glands at the base of leaf, 3 basal nerves, midrib 

 penniveined, the nerves joined by numerous parallel veins at right angles 

 to the midrib. Flowers white and yellow, dioicous, subsessile, in axillary 

 and terminal paniculate bracteate spikes. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled, 

 styles 3, \ in. long, thickly papillose. Fruit a 3-lobed, 3-celled, 3-valved 

 capsule, -g- in. diam., dehiscing loculicidally, and densely covered with a 

 bright red powder, consisting of minute stellate hairs and fine grains of a 

 red resinous substance soluble in alcohol and ether. 



Common in the sub-Himalayan tract, extending nearly to the Indus, and as- 

 cending to 4500 ft. Common in Oudh, Bengal, Central- South-India and Burma. 

 Ceylon, the Indian Archipelago, Formosa and Loo Choo islands, and North 

 Australia. Fl. Nov. -Jan. ; the fruit ripens in the hot season. Never leafless ; 

 the leaves are renewed Nov.-Dec. (Oudh, R.T.) Attains 20-30 ft., generally with 

 branches from the base, sometimes with an erect but short, generally fluted 

 and irregularly-shaped trunk, 3-4 ft. girth. Bark J in. thick, inner substance 

 compact, fibrous, reddish-brown, visible at the bottom of numerous, shallow 

 reticulate longitudinal wrinkles, surface between the wrinkles light- or dark-grey, 

 at times nearly black. Wood light-brown, only used for fuel. The bark is used 

 for tanning ; leaves and fruit are applied externally, with honey, against the bite 

 of poisonous animals. The most important produce, however, is the powder 

 which covers the ripe fruit {Kamela, Kamala). It is used for dyeing silk, also 

 as a purgative and anthelmintic (Pharm. Ind. 202) . The seeds are sold in the 

 Panjab bazaars as a medicine under the name of baobrang, and at Almora they 

 are said to be sold as bebarang (Embelia Ribes, p. 284). 



M. albus, Mull. Arg. Syn. Rottlera tetracocca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 826 ; R. 

 mappoides, Dalz. Bomb. Fl. 230 is a large tree with large cordate, often subpel- 

 tate alternate leaves, branches and under side of leaves tawny with dense stellate 

 tomentum, ovaries 4-celled, capsules generally 4-celled, 4-valved, tomentose, and 

 covered all over with soft hairy appendices. Bengal, Indian Archipelago, West- 

 ern India, perhaps in Nimar. 



M. repandus, Mull. Arg. Syn. Rottlera dicocca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 829, is a 

 weak subscandent shrub, tawny tomentose, with cordate leaves 2-4 in. long, 

 ovaries 2-celled, styles 2, capsules 2-lobed, 2-valved, hairy. Bengal, Indian 

 Archipelago, South India. 



6. HOMONOYA, Loureiro. 



Shrubs with alternate leaves, stipules caducous. Flowers generally 

 dioicous, the male flowers in spikes, the female flowers in spiciform rac- 

 emes. Calyx of the male flowers of 3, of the female flowers of 5 nearly 

 distinct segments, those of the former valvate, of the latter imbricate in 

 bud. Disc and petals none. Stamens polyadelphous, anthers numerous, 



