jiva. 



452 LXIX. EUPHORBIACE^E. [Putranji 



cent, styles 3, short, dilated into triangular lobed stigmas. Fruit ovoid, 

 smooth, white, fin. long, nut pointed, very hard, rugose, 1-celled, 1-seeded. 



Sub-Himalayan tract, common in places, ascending to 2500 ft., and extending 

 west to the Chenab, frequent in the Oudh forests. Bengal, Burma, South India, 

 Ceylon, often cultivated. Generally in low shady, moist, mixed forests, often 

 associated with Eugenia and Ficus glomerata. Fl. March- May, and the fruit 

 ripens in Jan.-June of the ensuing year. Leaves renewed in April. A fine 

 shady tree, which merits extended cultivation. Attains 40-50 ft., with a straight 

 erect trunk, 4-5, at times 9 ft. girth, numerous divergent, spreading branches. 

 Bark ^ in. thick, grey, smooth or verrucose, with numerous horizontal lines of 

 round light-coloured specks, inner bark yellow, fibrous. Wood light-grey, 

 streaked with darker lines and patches, not very hard, even-grained and durable. 

 Weight 36.6 lb. per cub. ft. (Wallich), probably heavier. Used in places for 

 tools and in turning. The leaves are lopped for cattle-fodder, the nuts are 

 strung up in rosaries and in necklaces for children to keep them in health, 

 whence the name, " life of the child." The nuts of Elceocarpus Ganitrus (p. 43) 

 are used in the same manner. 



14. PHYLLANTHUS, Linn. 



Trees shrubs or herbs ; leaves stipulate, mostly distichous, entire, pen- 

 niveined, short-petioled. Flowers monoicous or dioicous, in axillary or 

 lateral clusters, sometimes solitary. Calyx-segments 4-9, generally 5-6, 

 imbricate, without any appendages at the back. Petals none. Disc of 

 distinct glands, alternating with calyx - segments, sometimes wanting. 

 Stamens central, 2-15, generally 3, filaments free or variously connate. 

 No rudiment of ovary in male flowers. Ovary 2-15-celled, generally 3- 

 celled, 2 ovules in each cell ; styles as many as cells, generally slender, 

 bifid, and more or less connate. Fruit always dehiscent, sometimes fleshy. 

 Seeds without arillus or strophiole. 





Small trees with ovate or elliptic leaves ; no disc or glands at the 

 base of stamens or ovary; anthers 3-6 on a central column; 

 styles connate into a short column ; fruit a 4-6-celled cap- 

 sule with red seeds. (Subgenus Glochidion. ) 



Softly tomentose ; anthers 3 LP. nepalensis. 



Glabrous ; anthers 4-6 . . . . . . . . 2. P. lanceolarius. 



A climbing shrub with elliptic or obovate leaves ; disc of 5 dis- 

 tinct glands alternating with calyx-segments ; stamens 5, 

 the 3 inner connate into a central column ; ovary 8-1 2- 

 celled ; styles distinct, minute ; fruit a dark-purple small 

 succulent berry 3. P. reticulatus. 



A middle-sized tree with numerous linear leaflets ; anthers 3-5 on 

 a central column ; ovary half enclosed in a cup-shaped disc ; 

 style 1, deeply 3-fid ; fruit a large globose pale-yellow 3- 

 celled berry . 4. P. Emhlica. 



1. P. nepalensis, Mull. Arg. 1. c. 291. Syn. Bradleia ovata, Wall. 

 Vern. Gol Jcamela, (gur)sawa, sama, chamdr kas, amblu, kalm(a), hoa- 

 mil, Pb. ; Moioa, balmlwa, N.W.P. ; Kari, koria, C.P. 



A small tree, branchlets softly tomentose. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 

 pubescent on both sides, 2-3 in. long, short-petiolate, main lateral nerves 



