Quercus.] LXXII. CUPUL1FEILE. 479 



Scales free, spreading or refiexed in the ripe fruit ; styles 

 linear, acute or subulate. 



Main lateral nerves 6-10 pair ; leaves dentate lobed 

 or pinnatifid. 

 Branchlets glabrous ; leaves deciduous in autumn 



(in some varieties later), pubescent beneath . (10. Q. Cerris.) 

 Branchlets tomentose ; leaves deciduous in spring, 



tomentose beneath (11. Q. JUgilops.) 



Main lateral nerves 6-10 pair ; leaves persistent, den- 

 tate, tomentose beneath. 

 Fruit on the current year's shoots . . . (12. Q. Suber.) 

 Fruit on the previous year's shoots . . . (13. Q. occidentalis.) 

 Main lateral nerves 14-16 pair, each nerve terminat- 

 ing in a long fine subulate serrature ; leaves 



deciduous 14. Q. serrata. 



Main lateral nerves indistinct ; leaves persistent, 



glabrous when full-grown, with spinescent teeth (15. Q. cocci/era.) 

 Cup with concentric belts (Cyclobalanopsis, OErsted). 



Leaves pubescent beneath, 3-6 in. long ; main lat. 



nerves 10-14 pair 16. Q. annulata. 



Leaves glabrous, white beneath, 6-12 in. long ; main 



lat. nerves 20-25 pair 17. Q. lamellosa. 



Leaves entire ; male fl. in erect spikes ; stamens surrounding 



a rudimentary ovary (Pasania, (Ersted) . . .18. Q. spicata. 



According to A. De Candolle, the abortive ovules are in spp. 1-15 at the base 

 of the fruit, generally attached to a more or less elongated placenta, but in Q. 

 spicata, and probably in Q. annulata and lamellosa, at the top of the fruit. 



1. Q. semecarpifolia, Smith. Tab. LXIV Wall. PI. As. Rar.t. 

 174. Vern. Bar char, jangal ka parungi, Jhelam ; Kreu, Jchareu, krui, 

 Chenab, Ravi ; Karsliu, karsui, karzu, sduj, Sutlej to Sarda ; Gliesi, 

 Nepal. 



A large tree, leafless for a few weeks in spring, the spring shoots catkins 

 and young leaves with soft hairs. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, glabrate above, 

 densely clothed beneath with ferruginous tomentum, very variable in 

 shape, subsessile or short-petiolate, elliptic- or obovate -oblong from cordate 

 base, obtuse, 2-5 in. long, entire or dentate with long, subulate, spines- 

 cent teeth, main lateral nerves 8-12 pair, generally bifurcating and branch- 

 ing at half their length, prominent beneath, and impressed on the upper 

 side of leaf. Male flowers in drooping slender catkins 2-3 in. long, the 

 catkins generally fasciculate, from the base of the spring shoots, or from 

 the axils of fallen leaves on the previous year's branchlets. Bracts broad- 

 ovate, ciliate. Perianth-segments obtuse, ciliate; stamens 6-18, anthers 

 glabrous, apiculate. Female flowers in short-pedunculate spikes; styles 

 3-5, elongate, linear, recurved. Scales of cup membranous, brown, ovate- 

 lanceolate, obtuse, softly hairy. Acorn globose, 1 in. diam., glabrous, 

 black or dark brown when ripe, supported, but not enclosed, by the small, 

 concave cup; the ripe acorns on the current year's wood. The leaves 

 of young trees or young shoots are generally dentate, but entire and 

 dentate leaves are not rarely found on the same branch. 



Safedkoh at 10,000 ft. N.W. Himalaya, mostly on north and north-west slopes, 



