482 LXXII. CUPULIFEILE. [Quercus. 



rust-coloured tomentum ; midrib and main lateral nerves 10-16 pair, pro- 

 minent beneath, impressed on the upper side of leaf, blade 4-8, petiole J-l 

 in. long j stipules ovate or oblong, middle part hairy, edge thinly mem- 

 branous. Male fl. densely clothed with long soft hairs, in slender droop- 

 ing catkins, bracteoles acute ciliate. Perianth irregularly divided into 4-5 

 short lobes ; anthers glabrous, shortly and obtusely apiculate. Female fl. 

 densely tomentose, styles linear. Acorns sessile, solitary or in pairs, on 

 the current year's wood, cup hemispherical, with adpressed ovate scales. 



Naini Tal and a few other places in Kamaon, between 6000 and 7500 ft. 

 Nepal, Bhutan. Fl. April, May ; fr. Oct., Nov. Gregarious, often associated 

 with Q. incana, attaining 70-80 ft., with a straight erect trunk. The leaves are 

 used as cattle-fodder. 



4. Q. incana, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 642. Vern. Ban, bdnj, banj. Local 

 names : Vari, Salt range ; Minj, rln, Jhelam. 



A middle-sized or large evergreen tree, with grey foliage, the current 

 year's shoots and petioles hoary. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrate with sharp mucronate teeth, glabrous above, densely clothed be- 

 neath with short white tomentum; main lateral nerves 14-20 pair, pro- 

 minent beneath, blade 3-6, petiole J in. long ; stipules linear. Male fl. 

 pubescent with soft white hairs, in slender drooping catkins, bracteoles 

 obtuse, longer than perianth. Perianth irregularly divided into 4-5 short 

 lobes ; anthers glabrous, shortly and obtusely apiculate. Female fl. axil- 

 lary, sessile, generally in clusters of 2-5 ; styles linear-clavate, spreading. 

 Acorns on the current year's wood, sessile or subsessile, cup at first 

 almost entirely enclosing the acorn, afterwards campanulate, enclosing 

 half the acorn, which is at first tomentose, afterwards glabrous, brown and 

 shining ; scales rough, closely adpressed. 



Outer Himalaya from the Indus to Nepal, generally between 3000 and 8000 

 ft. ; not in the Kashmir valley or the surrounding hills, and not in the arid 

 tracts. Its upper limit in the Sutlej valley is opposite Chergaon. Gregarious, 

 often associated with Rhododendron arbor eum and Andromeda. The leaves are 

 generally renewed in March and April, the flowers appear about the same time, 

 the acorns commence to ripen in August, and frequently remain on the tree 

 until the young fruit of the ensuing year appears. Attains 50-60 ft., with a 

 short straight trunk 6-8 ft. girth (12 ft. has been noted), but at lower elevations 

 it does not generally exceed 30 ft. and 4-5 ft. girth. It can be grown in the 

 plains (Saharanpur). Bark dark-coloured, rough with cracks and fissures. 



Sapwood soft, porous, heartwood reddish-brown, compact, hard and heavy ; 

 used for building and ploughs, as fuel, and to make charcoal. The bark is used 

 for tanning, and the leaves are lopped for cattle-fodder. The acorns are greed- 

 ily eaten by pigeons, bears, and the large (Langur) monkey. They form part of 

 the officinal Balut of the Panjab bazaars, given as a diuretic and in gonorrhoea. 



5. Q. dilatata, Lindley ; Eoyle 111. t. 84, f. 2. Syn. Q. floribunda, 

 Lindl. Vern. Zdih, Kafiristan; Ban, banji, banchar, barachar, barain, 

 banni, parungi, chora, kali ring, maru, mdur, moru, harsh, marghang, Pb. ; 

 Moru, tilanga, kilonj, iilonj, timsha, N.W.P. 



A large evergreen tree, glabrous, youngest shoots only with slight floe- 



