494 LXXII. CUPULIFE1LE. [Corylus, 



1. 0. ferox, Wall. PL As. Ear. t. 87 ; DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 129. 



A small tree, with elongate silky buds, the outer scales erect. Leaves 

 pubescent when young, ovate-oblong, acuminate, closely serrate with un- 

 equal cuspidate serratures; blade 4-5 in., petiole hairy, J in. long. Catkins 

 fasciculate, scales obovate, acute, bearing at their base 4 subsessile stamens, 

 each with 2 distinct contiguous anther-cells. Fruit in clusters of 3-6, in- 

 volucre villous, thick, almost fleshy, with pinnatifid lobes, the divisions 

 terminating in slender spines J in. long. Pericarp hard thick. 



Nepal, Sikkim (8000-10,000 ft.) Fl. Sept. Oct. Wood light, compact, and 

 of a pale colour. 



2. C. Colurna, Linn. Syn. O. Jacquemontii, Dne. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 

 t. 160. G. lacera, Wall. Vern. Urni, Jhelam ; Winri, wlri, warawi, 

 wiiriya, thangi, thankoli, Kashmir and Chamba ; Shurli, sharoli, geh, 

 Sutlej ; Kapasi, bhotia, baddm, N.W.P. 



A small or moderate-sized tree; buds short, nearly hemispherical. 

 Leaves glabrous, obovate, acuminate, base cordate, unequally serrate, main 

 lateral nerves 10-12 pair, each nerve terminating in a more or less distinct 

 lobe ; blade 5-6, petiole 1-1 J in. long. Catkins fasciculate, scales obovate, 

 acute, bearing along the midrib eight 1 -celled anthers on short often more 

 or less connate filaments. Fruit in clusters of 2-3, involucre subcoriaceous, 

 double, the inner sheathing, with numerous elevated ribs, cleft into linear- 

 lanceolate serrate lobes with glandular hairs ; the outer of several laciniate 

 bracts. 



N.W. Himalaya, 5500-10,000, ascending in places to 10,500 ft., on the Sutlej 

 as far as Pangi on the right, and Poari on the left bank. Also in South-East 

 Europe and Asia Minor. Gregarious, often forming extensive thickets, not rare 

 near the upper limit of tree vegetation, and sometimes associated with Parrotia. 

 Often cultivated. Hardy in England. Fl. early in spring ; the fruit ripens in 

 July, August. Generally a small tree with short trunk, but often (particularly 

 cultivated specimens) attains 40-50 ft., with an erect somewhat gnarled trunk, 

 6-7 ft. girth. Growth apparently slow, 10-12 rings per inch of radius. Bark 

 thin, brownish-grey, very rugose with numerous dark wrinkles, equal in width 

 to the intervening low rounded ridges, the ridges divided by short cross-fissures 

 into long scales, which in old trees often detach themselves at the base, and ex- 

 foliate upwards, like the bark of jEsculus indica. Wood compact, not hard or 

 heavy, with fine medullary rays, considered a good timber (have old trees a dis- 

 tinct, dark-brown heartwood ?) The kernels are as good as English hazel-nuts, 

 and form an important article of food in some parts of the hills. In the bazars 

 of the Panjab plains they are sold under the name of findak for medicinal 

 purposes. They are imported into England from the Levant as Turkey nuts. 



G. Avellana, Linn. Hook. Stud. Fl. 345, the common Hazel Hasel, German ; 

 Goudrier, French, is a shrub with short-petiolate broadly ovate or rotundate 

 leaves, hairy while young, and a single palmately-lobed involucre. Europe, 

 Caucasus, Armenia, and Asia Minor. Ascends to 5000 ft. in Tyrol. The male 

 catkins are formed in autumn, and open very early, between Jan. and April, long 

 before the leaves are out. The Hazel is common in mixed coppice-woods in 

 England, the North of France, and some parts of Germany. It requires a good 



