Juglans.] LXXIV. JUGLANDE^E. 497 



This small but remarkable family, which has great analogy with Pistacia 

 among Anacardiacece, except the free ovary and curved embryo of the latter, 

 contains, ;besides these two genera, the following : 1. Gary a, inflorescence similar 

 to Juglans, but male flowers fasciculate, and petals of the female flowers want- 

 ing; u. alba, Nutt., and several other species of this North American genus (hardy 

 in England) furnish valuable timber, and yield the well-known Hickory-nuts. 

 2. Platycarya strobilacea, Sieb. & Zucc. {Fortunea chinensis, Lindl.), a tree of 

 Japan and China (hardy in England), with the female flowers at the base of the 

 male catkins, forming a cone when in fruit. 3. Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Spach, 

 a tree of Armenia, the Caucasus, and North Persia (hardy in England), with 12 

 pair of serrate leaflets, the male catkins at the base of the female flower-spikes, 

 which are long, lax, and drooping, the fruit with 2 broad lateral wings. 



1. JUGLANS, L. 



Aromatic trees. Leaves imparipinnate ; petioles broad-based, leaving 

 large scars on falling. Male flowers in lateral catkins from the axils of 

 fallen leaves, on the previous year's wood. Perianth of 3-6 unequal lobes 

 inserted on a lateral bract. Stamens 10-40, filaments free, very short. 

 Female flowers solitary or several together at the ends of branches ; calyx 

 tubular, adhering to the ovary, 4-toothed, 4 small petals in the sinus be- 

 tween the teeth. Stigmas 2, more or less fleshy, fimbriate. Emit with 

 a thick coriaceous or fleshy pericarp, enclosing a hard woody, mostly irreg- 

 ularly-furrowed endocarp or nut-shell. Embryo sweet, edible. 



1. J. regia, Linn. ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 631. Walnut Noyer, French ; 

 Wallnuss, German. Sans. AJcshota, dkhota. Pers. Chdrmayhz (four 

 brains or kernels), used in Kashmir and Afghanistan. Vern. Akhrot. 

 Local names : Ughz, ivaghz, Afghanistan ; Akhor, khor, krot, dun, Kash- 

 mir ; Kdbotang, thdnka, Pb. ; Starga, Ladak ; Kd, Kunawar ; Akhor, 

 khor, kharot, korot, Jaunsar and Kamaon. 



A large tree, youngest shoots velvety or with floccose pubescence. Leaf- 

 lets elliptic-oblong, entire (rarely serrulate), subcoriaceous, glabrous, with 

 tufts of hairs in the axils of nerves beneath, main lateral nerves prominent, 

 15-20 pairs ; terminal leaflet largest, petiolulate, the lateral, 3-4 sometimes 

 5-6 pair, subsessile, nearly opposite, those near the base smaller ; common 

 petiole 6-12 in. long, glabrous or hoary. Male catkins appearing with the 

 leaves in the previous year's axils and on the previous year's wood, some- 

 times in pairs, green, pubescent, cylindric, 2-5 in. long ; bracts pedicellate, 

 oblong, with 6 perianth-lobes and 10-20 stamens, the buds of the coming 

 year's catkins being ready-formed in the leaf-axils. Female flowers 1-3, 

 limb of calyx minute, indistinctly toothed, petals linear-lanceolate, green, 

 varying in length, sometimes half the length of ovary. Fruit green, ovoid, 

 glabrous, 2 in. long, enclosing a brown, irregularly-furrowed nut, which is 

 2-valved, acute at the upper end and divided by 2 thin coriaceous dissepi- 

 ments into 4 incomplete cells, one dissepiment separating the 2 cotyledons, 

 the other dividing them at the back into 2 lobes. Seed with 2 integu- 

 ments, the outer yellowish brown, the inner white, very fine. 



Of the varieties described in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 136, the following may 



2 I 



