500 LXXIV. JUGLANDE^l. [Engelhardtia. 



Siwalik tract and outer North-West Himalaya, ascending to 6500 ft., common 

 and often gregarious, covering large areas on dry hillsides in Kamaon and 

 Garhwal, extending to the Chenab, but scarce west of the Jumna. Kalliangarh 

 hills in the Banda district. Leafless during part of winter ; the flowers appear 

 with the young leaves in March and April, and the fruit ripens in May. Bark 

 light or dark grey. Attains a girth of 4-5 ft. in North-West India. 



Farther researches on the spot will probably show that this species is only 

 a tomentose and small-sized variety of E. spicata, Blume Flora Javae. t. 1, 5, of 

 Nepal, Sikkim, East Bengal, Burma, and the Indian Archipelago. In Java this 

 is a gigantic tree, 150-200 ft. high, with pale-red, hard, and heavy wood, made 

 into (solid) cart-wheels and gigantic cattle-troughs. The leaves are more gla- 

 brous, the leaflets more oblong and acuminate, petiolate or sessile, the female 

 spikes are 12-20 in. with bracts 2 in. long, and the male catkins 4-8 in. long. 

 The bracts of the male flowers often terminate in a mucro, and they are some- 

 times abnormally lengthened out into a 3-lobed bract, similar in appearance to 

 the outer lobes of the female bracts. The scales attached to these bracts vary 

 in size and shape, from linear-oblong to triangular, and the number of stamens 

 in one flower is between 4 and 10. In the female flower the styles are some- 

 times bifid. 



E. Roxburghiana, Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. rar. t. 199 Syn. Juglans ptero- 

 cocca, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 631 is difficult to identify. Roxburgh's figure exactly 

 represents the habit and fruit of E. spicata, Blume, for which it is probably in- 

 tended. Casimir De Candolle identifies it with that tree, but the representa- 

 tion and description of the male flower is entirely different. Roxburgh describes 

 and figures (111. in Herb. Kew, 2395, copied in PI. As. rar.) the male flower as 

 consisting of 4 regular scales or sepals, with 3 stamens at the base of each, and 

 in the plate these stamens surround what appears to be intended for a rudimen- 

 tary ovary. The female flower-spikes also are erect, and not longer than the 

 male catkins. I have seen no specimens at all corresponding to the plate, and 

 probably there was a mistake in the original drawing. Wallich's specimens 

 from Nepal marked E. Roxburghiana, agree with E. spicata, Blume. It seems 

 remarkable that Wallich, who was acquainted with the tree, should have over- 

 looked the error in the original drawing when publishing it in his Asiatic Plants. 

 Roxburgh states that the bark of Juglans pterococca is thick, dark-brown, pos- 

 sessing much tannin, and is reckoned by the natives (of Silhet, where it is called 

 Bolas) the best they are acquainted with for tanning. 



Order LXXV. GNETACE^J. 



Shrubs, climbers, undershrubs, rarely trees, the branches articulated at 

 the nodes. Leaves opposite (Gnetum) or rudimentary, consisting of a 

 2-lobed sheath (Ephedra). Flowers monoicous or dioicous, in heads or 

 spikes. Male flowers consisting of 2-8 monadelphous stamens, enclosed 

 in a 2-fid sheathing perianth \ filaments connate into a fleshy column ; 

 anthers 1- or 2-celled (3-celled in the abnormal genus Welwitschia). Female 

 flowers consisting of a naked ovule, enclosed by a sheathing or imbricate 

 bract, and several integuments, one of which is often prolonged into a fili- 

 form appendix resembling a style. Fruit 1- or 2-seeded, enclosed in the 

 more or less succulent, persistent fleshy bracts. Embryo in the axis of a 

 copious albumen, with 2 foliaceous cotyledons, radicle superior. Royle 

 111. 347. 



