108 CHINESE ECONOMIC TREES 



mountaineers of the northern provinces. Coarse cloth and ropes are 

 woven from the inner fibers, which in Russia and China find a further 

 use in the making of sandals. Several species are desirable for street 

 and park planting, but unfortunately the elms are subject to attack by 

 many fungous and insect pests- 



Ulmus japonica Sargent. 



(U. campestris var. japonica Eehder.) 

 (U. campestris var. major Trauvetter.) 



Tree to 30 m. tall with broad head, and light gray, shallowly fissured 

 and fibrous bark. Branchlets somewhat pendulous, densely pubescent 

 and rough with minute tubercles, yellowish or pale brown, sometimes 

 with corky ridges. Leaves firm, rough on both surfaces at maturity, 

 obovate, or elliptic, acuminate, oblique at the base, hairy above, pubes- 

 cent beneath with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins, and 12-19 

 pairs of lateral veins, 8-15 cm. long; petioles pubescent, 5 or 6 mm. long 

 Flowers subsessile, in parts of 4's. Fruit obovate-oblong, notched at the 

 apex down to the nutlet, narrowed toward the base, almost entirely 

 glabrous. 



Manchuria, N. China to Japan. 



(Chihli, Shantung, and Chekiang.) 



The wood of this tree is brownish. It is durable in water, and is 

 exported in large quantities from Japan. The tree sometimes assumes 

 the characteristic vase-shaped form of the American elm, and it should be 

 useful as a street tree on account of its rapid growth and ornamental 

 character, as well as for its hardiness. 



Ulmus pumila Linnaeus. 



Shrub or small, spreading or round-topped tree up to 15 m. high, 

 with furrowed, scaly bark, slender pubescent branches and small, ovoid, 

 pubescent buds. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, acute 

 at the apex, nearly equal at the base, thin, membranous, dark green 

 above, pubescent when young beneath, regularly and simply toothed. 

 Flowers short stalked, in crowded clusters, 4-5 parted with yellow 

 anthers, appearing in the spring. Fruit obovoid, notched deeply at the 

 apex; nutlet central, reaching close to the base of the notch. 



From N. China to E. Siberia. 



