SPECIES 25 



genital opening is between the penultimate legs, and though there are only- 

 three spinous pads, the nephridial openings of the 4th and 5th legs are 

 proximal to the 3rd pad, coxal organs are present, and the jaws are on the 

 Neotropical type ; the oviducts have receptacula seminis. Tlie following 

 South African species may be mentioned : P. capensis Grube, with 1 7 (rarely 

 18) pairs of claw-bearing legs ; P. halfouri Sedgw., with 18 (rarely 19) pairs ; 

 P. moseleyi Wood-M., with 20 to 24 pairs. 



Australasian Species. With 14, 15, or 16 pairs of claw-bearing ambu- 

 latory legs, with 3 spinous pads on the legs, and nephridial opening of the 

 4th and 5th legs on the proximal j)ad ; feet with one anterior, one posterior, 

 and one dorsal primary papilla ; inner jaw without diastema, outer with or 

 without a minor tooth. Last leg of the male with or without a large white 

 papilla on its ventral surface for the opening of a gland ; marked papillae 

 for the crural glands are sometimes j)resent on other legs of the male ; well- 

 developed coxal glands absent. Genital opening between the legs of the last 

 pair ; oviducts with receptacula seminis, without receptacula ovorum ; the ter- 

 minal portion of the vas deferens long and complicated ; the accessory male glands 

 open between the genital aperture and the anus, near the latter. Ova large 

 and heavily charged with yolk and provided with a stoutish shell. The uterus 

 apj)ears to contain embryos of different ages. Specimens are recorded from 

 AVest Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand. 



llie Australasian species are in some confusion. The number of claw- 

 bearing legs varies from 14 to 16 pairs, but the number most often found is 

 15. Whether the number varies in the same species is not clear. There 

 appears to be evidence that some species are occasionally or normally ovij)arous, 

 and in the supposed oviparous species the oviduct opens at the end of a papilla 

 called from its supposed function an ovipositor, but the oviparity has not yet 

 been certainly proved as a normal occurrence. Among the species described 

 may be mentioned P. leucJcarti Sanger, P. insignis Dendy, P. oviparus Dendy, 

 P. viridimaculatus Dendy, P. novae-zealandiae Hutton, but it is by no means 

 certain that future research will maintain these. Mr. J. J. Fletcher indeed is of 

 opinion that the Australian forms are all varieties of one species, P. leucJcarti. 

 Neotropical Species. With 3 to 5 spinous pads on the legs, nephridial 

 opening of the 4tli and 5th legs usually proximal to the third pad, and 

 feet either with two primary papillae on the anterior side and one on the 

 posterior, or with two on the anterior and two on the posterior ; outer jaw 

 with small minor tooth or teeth at the base of the main tooth, inner jaw 

 with diastema. A variable number of posterior legs of the males anterior to 

 the genital opening with one or two large papillae carrying the openings 

 of the crural glands ; w^ell developed coxal organs present on most of the 

 legs. The primary papillae usually divided into two portions. Genital 

 opening between the legs of the penultimate pair ; oviduct provided with 

 receptacula seminis and ovorum ; unpaired part of vas deferens long and 

 complicated ; accessory organs of male opening at the sides of the anus. Ova 

 minute, with little food -yolk ; embryos in the uterus at very different stages 

 of development. The number of legs usually if not always variable in the same 

 species ; the usual number is 28 to 32 j)airs, but in some species 40 to 43 

 pairs are found. The Neotropical species appear to fall into two groups : 

 (1) the so-called Andean species, viz., those which inhabit the high plateaux 

 or Pacific slope of the Andes; in these there are 4 (sometimes 5) pedal 



