1907. 



AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 



hundred and twenty-eight, and four the diseases bear a similarity of ap- 



hours two hundred and fifty-six in- pearance. 



dividuals. When the larva dies the Dr. Phillips stated that at the pre- 



germ goes into the spore or resting sent time European foul brood exists 



stage. It begins to thicken in the in New York, New Jersey, West Vir- 



center or near one end and finally be- ginia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, 



comes a spherical body. This spore Vermont, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indi- 



form is the resistant form and is the ana, Illinois, and Michigan. The 



one which we have to fight in the European foul brood is usually the 



field. 



Dr. White then explained in de- 



more virulant of the two diseases, 

 but on the other hand sometimes dis- 



tail the methods used in isolating one appears of its own accord. He then 



germ and in making cultures for gave the history of bee disease inves- 



study. He also explained how the tigations, and taking each investiga- 



different medium or soils were made tor in turn, showed what was the 



and how one germ would show a cer- probable cause which led him to ar- 



tain character on one medium or soil, rive at his conclusions. It is inter- 



for the medium is to the germ what esting to note that the earliest theory 



the soil is to the plant, while another was that a parasitic fly laid its eggs in 



germ would show on entirely different the body of the diseased larvae, 



character. So by taking many differ- Mr. N. E. France, the veteran bee 



ent kinds of medium and studying disease inspector of America, then 



each organism on each medium it is read a paper on the History of Bee 



possible to identify them. 



Disease Inspection in Wisconsin. This 



Both American and European foul paper was one of the gems of the 

 brood exist in Europe. These terms meeting. Mr. France stated that many 

 were given them because the Europ- apiaries where foul brood once exist- 

 ean foul brood was worked out by ed, after having been treated were 

 Cheyne in Europe and American foul the means of paying off the mortgage 

 brood was worked out in America. on the farm or of building a new home 



Many samples of pickled brood ^""^ ^he owner. Other apiaries under 

 have been examined but no cause has different care, though once profitable 

 been found for it. This is also true ""'^ '^^^ ^"^""^^y ^^'P^d out or reduced 



to a few colonies. 



of bee paralysis and we are still in 

 the dark as to the cause .and treat- 

 ment of these two diseases. 



Dr. Phillips read a paper from Mr. 

 Charles Stewart, of New York, and 



Dr. Phillips then gave a detailed also one from Mr. Fred A. Parker, of 



description of Arierican and Europ- Lompoc, Cal. Both papers were valu- 



ean foul brood as it appears in the able and interesting and both clearly 



field. He stated that when Cheyne demonstrated the value of thorough 



made his investigation he had, ac- and careful work on the part of the 



cording to his own statement, but one inspector. 



specimen which was brought him by Mr. J. M. Rankin, of the Bureau of 



Cheshire. Since both diseases exist Entomology, who is stationed at Chi- 



in Europe it is quite possible that the co, Cal., gave a short talk relating to 



one specimen was what we now call inspection on the Pacific coast. He 



European foul brood, especially since stated that he did not know of a case 



Cheyne describes the specimen as of European foul brood in California, 



"watery." To the casual observer but that the American foul brood was 



