support hanest rates of at 

 least 30 percent. 



• Increase total adult salmon 

 and steelliead nms abo\e 

 Bonneville Dam by 2025 

 to an a\erage of 5 million 

 annually in a manner that 

 supports tribal and non- 

 tribal harvest. Within 100 

 years achieve population 

 characteristics that, while 

 fluctuating due to natural 

 variability, represent on 

 average full mitigation for 

 losses of anadromous fish. 



Substitution for .Anadro- 

 mous Fish Losses 



Part of the anadromous fish 

 losses has occurred in the 

 blocked areas. A correspond- 

 ing part of the mitigation for 

 these losses must occur in 

 those areas. The program has 

 a "Resident Fish Substitution 

 Policy" for areas in which 

 anadromous fish have been 

 extirpated. Given the large 

 anadromous fish losses in the 

 blocked areas, these actions 

 have not mitigated these 

 losses. The following objec- 

 tives address anadromous fish 

 losses and mitigation require- 

 ments in all blocked areas: 



• Restore native resident 

 fish species (subspecies, 

 stocks and populations) to 

 near historic abundance 

 throughout their historic 

 ranges where original hab- 

 itat conditions exist and 

 where habitats can be fea- 

 sibly restored. 



• Take action to reintroduce 

 anadromous fish into 

 blocked areas, v\ here fea- 

 sible. 



• Administer and increase 

 opportunities for 

 consumptive and 

 non-consumptive resident 

 fisheries for native, intro- 

 duced, wild, and hatcheiy- 



reared stocks that are compat- 

 ible with the continued persis- 

 tence of native resident fish spe- 

 cies and their restoration to near 

 historic abundance (includes 

 intensive fisheries within closed 

 or isolated systems). 



Resident Fish Losses 



The development and operation 

 of the hydrosystem has also resulted 

 in losses of numbers and diversity 

 of native resident fish, such as 

 bull trout, cutthroat trout, kokanee, 

 white sturgeon and other species. 

 The following objectives address 

 resident fish losses: 



• Complete assessments of resi- 

 dent fish losses throughout the 

 basin resulting from the hydro- 

 system, expressed in tenns of 

 the various critical population 

 characteristics of key resident 

 fish species. 



• Maintain and restore healthy 

 ecosystems and watersheds, 

 which preserve functional links 

 among ecosystem elements to 

 ensure the continued persis- 

 tence, health and diversity of 

 all species including game fish 

 species, non-game fish species, 

 and other organisms. 



• Protect and expand habitat 

 and ecosystem functions as the 

 means to significantly increase 

 the abundance, productivity, 

 and life history diversity of resi- 

 dent fish at least to the extent 

 that they have been affected by 

 the development and operation 

 of the hydrosystem. 



• Achieve population characteris- 

 tics of these species within 100 

 years that, while fluctuating due 

 to natural variability, represent 

 on average full mitigation for 

 losses of resident fish. 



Wildlife Losses 



Development and operation of 

 the hydrosystem also resulted in 

 wildlife losses through construction 

 and niundation losses, direct t)pera- 



tional losses or through secondary 

 losses. The program has included 

 measures and implemented projects 

 to obtain and protect habitat units 

 in mitigation for these calculated 

 construction inundation losses. 

 Operational and secondary losses 

 have not been estimated or 

 addressed. The program includes 

 a commitment to mitigate for 

 these losses. More specific wildlife 

 objectives are: 



• Quantify wildlife losses caused 

 by the construction, inundation, 

 and operation of the hydro- 

 power projects. 



• Develop and implement habitat 

 acquisition and enhancement 

 projects to fully mitigate for 

 identified losses. 



• Coordinate mitigation activities 

 throughout the basin and with 

 fish mitigation and restoration 

 efforts, specifically by coordi- 

 nating habitat restoration and 

 acquisition with aquatic habi- 

 tats to promote connectivity of 

 teiTcstrial and aquatic areas. 



• Maintain existing and created 

 habitat values. 



• Monitor and evaluate habitat 

 and species responses to miti- 

 gation actions. 



2000 Columbia river Basin Fish and Wildlife P 



17 



