Appendix A: Glossary 



The definitions in lliis list arc pro- 

 vided for clarification of terms 

 used throughout this program. 



Act — See Noilhwest Power Act. 



adaptive management 



A scientific policy that seeks to 

 improve management of biological 

 resources, particularly in areas of sci- 

 entific uncertainty, by viewing pro- 

 gram actions as vehicles for learning. 

 Projects are designed and imple- 

 mented as experiments so that even 

 if they fail, they provide useful infor- 

 mation for future actions. Monitoring 

 and evaluation are emphasized so that 

 the interaction of different elements 

 of the system are better understood. 



anadromous fish 



Fish that hatch in freshwater, 

 migrate to the ocean, mature there 

 and return to freshwater to spawn. 

 For example, salmon or steelhead. 



applicable federal laws 



The Endangered Species Act and 

 the Clean Water Act. 



biological diversity 



The variety of and \ariability 

 among, living organisms and the 

 ecological complexes in which they 

 occur. BicMogical diversity at its most 

 basic level is the genetic diversity 

 (genetic variation found within each 

 species), phenotypic and morphologi- 

 cal diversity (physical, life histoiy and 

 behavioral variation found within each 

 species), species diversity (number of 

 species in a given ecosystem), and 

 community/ecosystem diversity (vari- 

 ety of habitat types and ecosystem 



processes extending over a region). 



biological performance 



The responses of populations to 

 habitat conditions, described in terms 

 of capacity, abundance, productivity, 

 and life history diversity. 



biological potential 



The biological potential of a species 

 means the potential capacity, produc- 

 tivity and life history diversity of a pop- 

 ulation in its habitat at each life stage. 



blocked areas 



Areas in the Columbia River Basin 

 where hydroelectric projects have cre- 

 ated pennanent barriers to anadro- 

 mous fish iiins. These include the 

 areas above Chief Joseph and Grand 

 Coulee dams, the Hells Canyon Com- 

 plex and other smaller locations. 



Bonneville Power Administra- 

 tion (Bonneville) 



The sole federal power marketing 

 agency in the Northwest and the 

 region's major wholesaler of electric- 

 ity. Created by Congress in 1937, 

 Bonne\ ille sells power to public and 

 private utilities, direct service cus- 

 tomers, and various public agencies 

 in the states of Washington, Oregon, 

 Idaho, Montana west of the Con- 

 tinental Divide, (and parts of Mon- 

 tana east of the Divide) and smaller 

 adjacent areas of California, Nevada, 

 Utah and Wyoming. The Northwest 

 Power Act charges Bonneville with 

 additional duties related to energy 

 conservation, resource acquisition, 

 and lish and wildlife. 



Bureau of Reclamation, V.S. 

 Department of the Interior 



An agency that administers some 

 parts of the federal program for 

 water resource development and use 

 in western states. The Bureau of Rec- 

 lamation owns and operates a number 



of dams in the Columbia River Basin, 

 including (irand Coulee and several 

 projects on the Yakima River. 



bypass system 



A channel or conduit in a dam 

 that provides a route for fish to move 

 through or around the dam without 

 going through the turbine units. 



captive broodstock 



Fish raised and spawned in captiv ity. 



carrying capacity 



The number of individuals of one 

 species that the resources of a habitat 

 can support. 



Columbia River Compact 



An interstate compact between the 

 states of Oregon and Washington by 

 which the states jointly regulate fish 

 in the Columbia River. 



Columbia River System 



Tlie Coliunbia River and its tributeuies. 



Columbia River Treaty 



The treaty between the United States 

 and Canada for the joint de\elopment of 

 the Columbia River. It became effective 

 on September 1 6, I %4. 



Corps of Engineers, U.S. 

 Department of the Army 

 (Corps) 



An agency with the responsibility 

 for design, construction and operation 

 of civil works, including multipur- 

 pose dams and na\ igation projects. 



cost-effective 



Where equally effective alterna- 

 tive means of achieving the same 

 sound biological objective exist, the 



2000 Columbia river Basin Fish and Wildlife Program 



A-1 



