alternative with the minimum eco- 

 nomic cost is considered tlie most 

 cost-ettcctive measure. 



dissolved gas 



The amount of chemicals nomialiy 

 occiuring as gases, such as nitiogcn 

 and oxN'gen. that arc held in solution 

 in w atcr, expressed in units such as mil- 

 hgrams of the gas per liter of liquid. 

 Supersaturation occurs when these solu- 

 tions exceed the saturation ie\el of the 

 water (beyond 100 percent). 



ecosystem 



The biological community consid- 

 ered together with the land and water 

 that make up its environment. 



environmental characteristics 



The environmental conditions or 

 changes sought to achieve the desired 

 changes in population characteristics. 



escapement 



The number of salmon and steel- 

 head that return to a specified point 

 of measurement after all natural mor- 

 tality and harvest have occurred. 

 Spawning escapement consists of 

 those fish that surxive to spawn. 



estuary 



The part of the wide lower course 

 of a river where its current is met and 

 intluenced by the tides. 



extinction 



The natural or human-induced 

 process by which a species, subspe- 

 cies or population ceases to exist. 



Federal Energy Regulatory 

 Commission (FERC) 



The Commission issues and reg- 



ulates licenses for construction and 

 operation of non-fcdcrai hydroelec- 

 tric projects and advises federal 

 agencies on the merits of proposed 

 federal multipurpose water de\elop- 

 ment projecls. 



fish and wildlife agencies 



This catcgoiy includes the Fish and 

 Wildlife Service. U.S. Depailmcnt of 

 the Interior; the Idaho Department of 

 Fish and Game; the Montana Depart- 

 ment of Frsh, Wildlife and Parks; 

 the National Marine Fisheries Service, 

 U.S. Department of Commerce; the 

 Oregon Department of Fish and Wild- 

 life; and the Washington Department 

 of Fish and Wildlife. 



Fish Passage Center 



The center established under sec- 

 tion III (DH6) of the program. 



flows 



The rate at which water passes 

 a given point in a stream or river, 

 usually expressed in cubic-feet per 

 second (cfs). 



flow augmentation 



Increased flow from release of 

 water from storage dams. 



H 



habitat 



The locality or external environ- 

 ment in which a plant or animal 

 normally lives and grows. As used 

 ni this program, habitat includes the 

 ecological functions of the habitat 

 structure. 



harvest management 



The process of setting regulations 

 for liic commercial, recreational and 

 tribal fish harvest to achieve a speci- 

 fied goal within the fishery. 



hydroelectric power or hydro- 

 power 



The generation of electricity using 

 falling water to turn turbo-clcctric 

 generators. 



hydrosystem 



The hydroelectric dams on the 

 Columbia River and its tributaries. 



I 



Implementation Team 



A policy-level working group 

 established by the National Marine 

 Fisheries Service to provide advice 

 on the implementation of the bio- 

 logical opinion on the effects of 

 the federal dams in the Columbia 

 River basin. The IT oversees the 

 Technical Management Team, which 

 deals with hydrosystem operations, 

 and the System Configuration Team, 

 which deals with structural changes 

 at the dams to impro\ e fish passage. 



impoundment 



A body of water formed behind a 



dam. 



irrigation screens 



Screens using wire mesh placed 

 at the point where water is diverted 

 from a stream or ri\ en The screens 

 keep fish from entering the diversion 

 channel or pipe. 



juvenile 



Fish from approximately one year 

 of age until sexual maturity. 



M 



mainstem 



The nuun channel of the rucr in a 

 river basin, as opposed to the streams 

 and smaller rivers that feed into it. In 

 the fish and wildlife program, maiii- 



A-2 



2000 COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN FiSH AND WILDLIFE PROGRAM 



