stem refers lo entirety ol'tlie Colum- 

 bia and Snake rivers. 



mainstem passage 



Tiie movement of salmon and 

 steelhead around or through the dams 

 and reservoirs in the Columbia and 

 Snake ri\ ers. 



mainstem survival 



The proportion of anadromous 

 fish that survive passage through the 

 dams and reservoirs while migrating 

 in tiie Columbia and Snake rivers. 



metadata 



Data exist in two forms — primaiy 

 data and metadata. Primary data are 

 numbers or counts — for example, 

 the number of adult fish counted in a 

 given time period, interval and location. 

 Metadata describe how those numbers 

 were obtained, including the monitor- 

 ing design (selecfion of times and loca- 

 tions), objectives, and methods. 



mixed-stock fishery 



A harvest management technique 

 by which different species, strains, 

 races or stocks are harvested together. 



N 



iiatiirai production 



Spawning, incubating, hatching 

 and rearing fish in rivers, lakes and 

 streams without human intervention. 



naturally spawning populations 



Populations offish that have 

 completed their entire life cycle in 

 the natural environment and may 

 be the progeny of wild, hatchery 

 or mixed parentage. 



Northwest Power Act 



1 he Pacific Northwest Electric 

 Power Planning and Conservation 

 Act ( 16 U.S.C. S3y et .scq.), which 

 authorized the creation of the North- 

 west Power Planning Council. The 

 act ilirects the Council lo develop 



this program to protect, mitigate and 

 enhance fish and wildlife, including 

 related spawning grounds and habitat 

 on the Columbia River and its trib- 

 utaries, to establish an Independent 

 Scientific Rev iew Panel to review 

 projects implementing this program 

 that are proposed for funding by 

 Bonnev ille, and to make final recom- 

 mendations to lionneville on imple- 

 mentation projects. 



off-site mitigation 



The improvement in conditions 

 for fish or wildlife species away from 

 the site of a hydroelectric project that 

 had detrimental effects on fish and/or 

 wildlife, as part or total compensa- 

 tion for those effects. An example of 

 off-site mitigation is the fish passage 

 restoration work being conducted in 

 the Yakima River Basin for the detri- 

 mental effects caused by mainstem 

 hydroelectric projects. 



operational losses 



The direct wildlife losses caused 

 by the day-to-day fluctuations in flows 

 and resei^voir levels resulting Worn the 

 operation of the hydrosystem. 



passage 



The movement of migratory fish 

 through, around, or over dams, res- 

 ervoirs and other obstructions in a 

 stream or river. 



PIT tags 



Passive Integrated Transponder 

 tags are used for identifying indi- 

 vidual salmon fi>r monitoring and 

 research purposes. This mmiaturized 

 tag consists of an integrated micro- 

 chip thai is programmed to identify 

 indiv idual fish, fhe tag is inserted 

 into the body cavity of the iisli and 

 decoded at selected monilorina sites. 



plume 



The area of the Pacific Ocean 

 that is influenced by discharge from 

 the Columbia River, up to 500 miles 

 beyond the mouth of the river. 



population 



A group of organisms belonging 

 to the same species that occupy 

 a well-defined locality and exhibit 

 reproductive continuity from genera- 

 tion to generation. 



powerhouse 



A primary part of a hydroelectric 

 dam where the turbines and gener- 

 ators are housed and where power 

 is produced by falling water rotating 

 turbine blades. 



rearing 



The juvenile life stage of anadro- 

 mous fish spent in freshwater rivers, 

 lakes and streams before they migrate 

 to the ocean. 



reservoir 



A body of water collected and stored 

 in an artificial lake behind a dam. 



resident fish 



Fish that spend their entire life 

 cycle in fi^eshwater. For program pur- 

 poses, resident fish includes landlocked 

 anadromous fish (e.g., white sturgeon, 

 kokanee and coho), as well as tradition- 

 ally defined resident fish species. 



resident fish substitutions 



The enhancement of resident 

 fish to address losses of salmon 

 and steelhead in those areas per- 

 manently blocked to anadromous 

 (ocean-migrating) fish as a result of 

 hydroelectric dams. 



2000 COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN FiSH AND WILDLIFE PROGRAM 



A-3 



