adaptations. A list of such morphological adaptations and ^^ 

 a partial list of plant species with known morphological 

 adaptations for occurrence in wetlands are provided in 

 Appendix C, Section 3. 



(3) Technical literature. The technical literature may 



provide a strong indication that plant species comprising 

 the prevalent vegetation are commonly found in areas where 

 soils are periodically saturated for long periods. 

 Sources of available literature include: 



(a) Taxonomic references. Such references usually contain 

 at least a general description of the habitat in which 

 a species occurs. A habitat description such as, 

 "Occurs in water of streams and lakes and in alluvial 

 floodplains subject to periodic flooding," supports 



a conclusion that the species typically occurs in 

 wetlands. Examples of some useful taxonomic refer- 

 ences are provided in Table 4. 



(b) Botanical journals. Some botanical journals contain 

 studies that define species occurrence in various hy- 

 drologic regimes. Examples of such journals include: 

 Ecology , Ecological Monographs , American Journal of 

 Botany , Journal of American Forestry , and Wetlands : 

 The Journal of the Society of Wetland Scientists . 



(c) Technical reports. Governmental agencies periodically 

 publish reports (e.g. literature reviews) that contain ^■^^ 

 information on plant species occurrence in relation to 

 hydrologic regimes. Examples of such publications 



include the CE preliminary regional wetland guides 

 (Table 2) published by the US Army Engineer Waterways 

 Experiment Station (WES) and the wetland community and 

 estuarine profiles of various habitat types (Table 3) 

 published by the FWS. 



(d) Technical workshops, conferences, and symposia. 

 Publications resulting from periodic scientific meet- 

 ings contain valuable information that can be used to 

 support a decision regarding the presence of hydro- 

 phytic vegetation. These usually address specific 

 regions or wetland types. For example, distribution 

 of bottomland hardwood forest species in relation to 

 hydrologic regimes was examined at a workshop on 

 bottomland hardwood forest wetlands of the South- 

 eastern United States (Clark and Benforado 1981). 



(e) Wetland plant database. The NWI is producing a Plant 

 Database that contains habitat information on approxi- 

 mately 5,200 plant species that occur at some esti- 

 mated probability in wetlands, as compiled from the 

 technical literature. When completed, this computer- 

 ized database will be available to all governmental 

 agencies. X-^ 



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