coulee head and immediately entered tall coulee shrubbery, it would be entered 

 in column 4. Each individual animal should be recorded only once; if it is not 

 known whether an individual animal has already been recorded, do not record it 

 again. This is particularly important in the case of deer and raptors, because 

 the same individual may be seen many times while surveying a transect. Distant 

 coulees and hillsides which are not traversed by the routes should be scanned 

 carefully with the spotting scope at intervals along the route. Coulees 

 adjacent to the route should be glassed carefully with binoculars. Generally, 

 researchers should walk along the rim of the coulee to obtain the greatest field 

 of view. However, in portions of the route where coulees are wide and shallow, 

 it may be better to walk the coulee bottom. All vertebrates seen or heard, even 

 those not identified, should be recorded. If it is not possible to identify a 

 vertebrate by species, it should be identified as precisely as possible: 

 "unknown gull," "unknown frog or toad," "unknown rabbit," "unknown passerine," 

 etc. All observations of raptors, large mammals, amphibians, and raptiles 

 should be recorded on 7.5' field maps and on standard wildlife data sheets (DNRC 

 1978:220,226). Waterfowl observations should be recorded on separate waterfowl 

 data sheets. Details of any nests located should be recorded on nest record 

 cards. Each route survey should take about 4.0 hours to complete. 



At the end of the second route, the minimum estimate of the number of 

 animals of each species recorded for the two routes combined should be summed 

 for each of the first four columns on the BBS summary sheet (the meaning of each 

 of the four columns is as defined above; the fifth column should be left blank). 

 The four columns should then be summed for each species in the "total 

 individuals" column. At the top of the summary sheet the date, observer, total 

 hours spent for the two routes combined, and the number of different species of 

 amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed should be recorded. 



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