SETTLEMENT IN THE WEST 191 



roads, but soon reached a tavern called the "Jacob Hoff," where 

 we breakfasted. Still pushing forward, at noon we came to the 

 small house of a family called Margennefs, and procured a 

 meager lunch. At a short distance from this place a change 

 of horses was made, and after driving all the afternoon we 

 entered the attractive village of Greensburg, where we spent 

 the night. Rising reluctantly at peep of day, we continued 

 on our course and made ten miles before breakfasting at a 

 tavern, the "Stewart Auberge" by name. After leaving this 

 point we came to Turtle Creek, when the road descended so 

 abruptly that it was decided to dismount and walk, but the 

 heat was sultry and oppressive, and we suffered greatly. At 

 last, however, the city of Pittsburgh was reached, and there 

 we found good and commodious lodgings at the Jefferson Hotel, 

 conducted by Mr. Galland, a most genial and agreeable host. 

 We remained in Pittsburgh several days, and became ac- 

 quainted with many of its citizens, among whom were several 

 countrymen of ours who were engaged in business and were 

 very congenial and hospitable. The city does not present a 

 pleasing appearance ; it has been increasing in size with astound- 

 ing rapidity, 4 and possesses a remarkable commerce; the Ohio 

 River there is most beautiful. 



The remainder of our journey was by way of the Ohio, 

 and we made it entirely in an open flatboat, a cumbersome un- 

 wieldy craft, managed by hand, and in this particular instance 

 very badly. One who has never had this experience can little 

 understand the terrible monotony, hardships and deprivations 

 encountered on a long journey such as we endured. We were 

 unprotected from the elements, and our beds consisted of bare 

 pine boards, upon which we slept as best we could, enveloped 

 in our great coats. 



There were times without number when our boat would 

 run upon hidden sand bars to become grounded, and we were 

 then often obliged to get into the cold water and assist in the 

 work of extricating her. At other times, unprotected as we 



4 The population of the second city of Pennsylvania in 1800 was 1,565; 

 in 1840, 4,768; and in 1910, after the annexation of Allegheny, 533,905. 



