BIBLIOGRAPHY, A STUDY OF RESOURCES. 151 



knows the vexation of having to copy a long-winded title. 

 What a blessing it would be could we have a Linnaean system 

 for the nomenclature of biological memoirs as well as of 

 natural species ! 



2. The table of contents. The use of tables of contents for 

 single articles of forty to one hundred or more pages is a 

 recent and excellent innovation. It gives a detailed summary 

 of the arrangement of topics, which is often of the greatest 

 convenience. If you examine the ten volumes of our own 

 Journal of Morphology, you will find many articles with tables 

 of contents prefixed. Thus, in volume ten there are eleven 

 articles, five of which those by Lillie, Strong, Fish, Eycle- 

 shymer, and Morgan have tables of contents, and of the 

 remaining six, only one exceeds thirty pages in length. In 

 European articles you will find the custom less frequently 

 followed. I think that you will encounter other indications 

 that bibliographical usages are more advanced in America than 

 abroad. May we not attribute this difference in part to the 

 examples set by our numerous public libraries ? 



3. Reprints should always preserve the paging of the original 

 publication, otherwise they cannot be used for consultation or 

 reference without needless difficulty. Publishers are wofully 

 behindhand in this matter, and usually change the paging in 

 reprints, sometimes even in the face of the author's protest, as 

 I have myself recently experienced. If the paging is changed, 

 how can we refer to any special page until we have put aside 

 the reprint and gone to the original publication, the page 

 number of which alone has the right to be cited ? 



4. References to other authorities need careful arrangement. 

 If they are few, it does very well to place them at the bottom 

 of the page. If they are numerous, the best place for them is 

 at the end of the article, in alphabetical order by authors. 

 For reference numbers for the single articles, there are two 

 chief systems in vogue. One system, the older of the two, 

 simply numbers the articles consecutively, so that when the 

 article is completed the manuscript must be revised and the 

 proper numbers inserted in the text. Theoretically the system 

 is very simple and convenient, but you will soon learn that in 



