SIGNIFICANCE OF MYCORRHIZAS. 55 



on Platantliera bifolia as Fiisisporium endorhizum. Schacht 

 found that the fungus in the roots of Limodorum developed 

 reproductive organs similar to Eurotium. Treub and Brucb- 

 mann conclude that a Pythium forms the symbiosis with the 

 prothallium of Lycopodium, Bruns found that Polysaccum 

 formed coatings on the roots of pines. Woronin identified 

 the mycelia on conifers, willows, poplars, hazelnut, birches, 

 and grasses as belonging to the Boleti. Rees determined 

 the fungus on certain conifers as an Elaphomyces. Janse 

 named the one on Celtis, Celtidia duplicispora, to be included 

 with the Tuberacece. Recently Rees and Fisch have exam- 

 ined the mycelia formed by . granulatus and E. variegattts 

 on the roots of the forest trees, and conclude that the rela- 

 tion is not a parasitic one, but constitutes a mycorrhiza. 

 Noack made some attempts to form mycorrhizas by experi- 

 mental methods in 1887-1889, and found that G easier fimbri- 

 atus and G. fornicatus form mycorrhizas with the roots of 

 conifers ; Agaricus terrens with beeches and firs ; Lactarius 

 piperatus with Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pedunculata ; Cor- 

 tinarius callisteus and C. coerulescens with beeches ; C. ful- 

 mineus with oaks. Wahrlich determined the fungus of the 

 mycorrhiza of Vanda tricolor as Nectria goroschankiana, and 

 that of Vanda suavis as N, vanda. Lendner made some spore 

 cultures of the fungi of Platanthera and Vanda in 1895, and 

 his observations confirm the results of Wahrlich. Chodat and 

 Lendner found that the fungus of Listera cordata resembles 

 Nectria as originally described by Wahrlich on Vanda. Jen- 

 nings and Hanna conclude that the fungus symbiotic with 

 Corallorhiza innata is a " hymenomycete and commonly an 

 agaric." Clitocybe infundibnliformis was found attached to 

 the coralloid formations in one instance, and Hysterangium 

 stoloniferum in another indicative of their identity with the 

 fungal symbiont. Nobbe and Hiltner observed the perono- 

 sporous fungus in the mycorrhiza of Podocarptis, and the writer 

 has found reproductive bodies resembling Penicillium on the 

 mycorrhizal roots of Pterospora. Jeffreys regards the fungus of 

 the gametophyte of Botrychium as being intermediate between 

 a Completoria and a Pythium. These and a few other examples 



