MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF EUROPE. 233 



Norway like Germany is strengthening its interest in local 

 marine laboratories. Two permanent stations have quite 

 recently been established, one at Bergen, the other at 

 Drobak, a dozen miles south of Christiana. The former is 

 the larger, a dependency of the Museum of Bergen. It is 

 under the charge of Dr. Brunchorst, to whom its founda- 

 tion is due, and Drs. Appellof and Hansen. Its two- 

 storied villa-like building provides work places for eight 

 investigators : a well maintained aquarium on the first floor 

 is open to the public. The second and smaller station is 

 devoted almost exclusively to research in morphology. It 

 is a dependency of the University of Christiana and is under 

 the directorship of one of its professors, Dr. Johan Hjort. 

 With the richest collecting resources these new stations may 

 naturally be expected to yield most important results. 



The Swedish station has long been associated with the work 

 of its late director, Professor Loven. It is situated on the west 

 coast near the city of Gothenburg. Its three original buildings, 

 a laboratory and two dwelling-houses, were constructed about 

 fifteen years ago by a gift of Dr. Regnell of Stockholm. The 

 laboratory is a wooden building well furnished with aquaria, 

 provided in its second story with separate work places for 

 investigators. It is at present maintained by governmental 

 subsidy ; its recently appointed director is Dr. Hjalmar Theel 

 of the State Museum at Stockholm. Its students are mainly 

 from the University of Upsala ; up to the present time 

 foreigners have not been admitted. 



Russians have ever been most enthusiatic in marine research, 

 and their investigators are to be found in nearly every marine 

 station of Europe. The French laboratory on the Mediterranean 

 at Ville-Franche is essentially supported by Russians. At 

 Naples they are often next in numbers to the Germans and 

 Austrians. The learned societies of Moscow and St. Petersburg 

 have contributed in no little way to marine research. The 

 station at Sebastopol, on the Black Sea, has become permanent, 

 possessing an assured income. That near the Convent Solovet- 

 sky, on the White Sea, though small, is of marked importance. 

 It is already in its thirteenth year. Professor Wagner, of 



