SUID& . 287 



S. falconeri arid S. karmdiensis are characterised by the extremely 

 complex structure of the molars, in which they show decided signs 

 of approximation to the Wart-Hogs ; the same feature being 

 exhibited by S. phacochwroides of the Algerian Pliocene. S. titan 

 and S. giganteus, of the Indian Pliocene, together with S. antiquus 

 and S. erymanthius, of the corresponding European deposits, are very 

 large species characterised by their comparatively simple molars ; 

 S. titan being fully as large as a Tapir. S. hysudricus of the Pliocene 

 of India, and S. palceochcerus of that of Europe, are smaller allied 

 species not improbably related to S. andamanensis, with which they 

 agree in molar structure. S. arvernensis, of the Upper Pliocene 

 of France, appears to be allied to S. africanns ; while in the 

 diminutive S. punjabiensis of the Pliocene of North- Western India 

 we probably have the direct ancestor of S. salvanius. 



FIG. 108. Head of Babirusa (Dabirusa alfurus). 



Babirusa. 1 Dentition : i f , c \, p f , m | ; total 34. The total 

 number of teeth is therefore considerably reduced, the outer upper 

 incisor and the two anterior premolars of both jaws being absent. 

 The molars, especially the last, are smaller and simpler than in Sus; 

 but the great peculiarity of this genus is the extraordinary develop- 

 ment of the canines of the male. These teeth (Fig. 108) are 

 ever-growing, long, slender, and curved, and entirely without enamel 

 covering. Those of the upper jaw are directed upwards from their 

 base, so that they never enter the mouth, but piercing the skin of 

 the face, resemble horns rather than teeth, and curve backwards, 

 downwards, and finally often forwards again, almost or quite 

 touching the skin of the forehead. Vertebrae: C 7, D 13, L 16, 

 S 4. There is but one species (B. alfunis), found only in the 

 islands of Celebes and Bum. Its external surface is almost 

 1 Lesson, Man. d. Mamm., p. 337 (1827), "Babirusa." 



