UNGULATA 



Circle as far south as Chili, and in the Old , ; World throughout the 

 whole of Europe and Asia, though absent ^in the Ethiopian and 

 Australian regions. 



It may be divided into two subfamilies. 



Subfamily Mosehinse. This subfamily is represented solely by 

 the Musk-Deer, which differs so remarkably from the true Deer that 

 it is considered by several writers as the representative of a separate 

 family. The late Professor Garrod even suggested that it should 

 be regarded as an extremely aberrant member of the Bovidce. 



Moschus. 1 The Musk-Deer (Fig. 125) in many respects stands by 



FIG. 125. The Musk-Deer (Moschus moschiferus). 



itself as an isolated zoological form, retaining characters belonging to 

 the older and more generalised types of ruminants before they were 

 distinctly separated into the horned and the antlered sections now 

 dominant upon the earth. One of these characters is that both 

 sexes are entirely devoid of any sort of frontal appendage. In this, 

 however, it agrees with one existing genus of true Deer (Hydropotes) ; 

 and, as in that animal, the upper canine teeth of the males are 

 remarkably developed, long, slender, sharp pointed, and gently 

 curved, projecting downwards out of the mouth with the ends 

 turned somewhat backwards. Vertebrae : C 7, D 1 4, L 5, S 5, C 6. 

 Among the anatomical peculiarities in which it differs from all 

 true Deer and agrees with the Bovidce is the presence of a gall- 



1 Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i. p. 91 (1766). 



