316 UNGULATA 



Deer and Antelopes. Sometimes it is in the form of a simple depres- 

 sion or shallow recess, often very deeply involuted, and in its fullest 

 state of development it forms a distinct pouch or sac with a narrow 

 tubular orifice. In this sac a considerable quantity of the secretion 

 can accumulate until discharged by the action of a compressor 

 muscle which surrounds it. This is the form taken by the special 

 gland of the Musk-Deer, which has made the animal so well known, 

 and has proved the cause of an unremitting persecution to its 

 possessor. It is found in the male only, and is a sac about the size 

 of a very small orange, situated beneath the skin of the abdomen, 

 the orifice being immediately in front of the preputial aperture. 

 The secretion with which the sac is filled is of dark-brown or 

 chocolate colour, and when fresh described as being of the consist- 

 ence of "moist gingerbread," but becoming dry and granular after 

 keeping. It has a peculiar and very powerful scent, which when 

 properly diluted and treated forms the basis of many of our most 

 admired perfumes. When the animal is killed the whole gland or 

 " pod " is cut out and dried, and in this form reaches the market of 

 the Western World, chiefly through China. 



Subfamily Cepvinse. This subfamily includes all the true Deer. 

 According to the arrangement proposed by Sir V. Brooke l the 

 existing Cervince may be divided into the sections Plesiometacarpalia 

 and Telemetacarpalia. 



Plesiometaearpalia. In this section, which is mainly character- 

 istic of the Old World, the proximal portions of the lateral (second 

 and fifth) metacarpals persist, and the vomer is never so ossified 

 as to divide the posterior osseous nares into two distinct passages. 

 The premaxillae nearly always articulate with the nasals. 



Cervulus. 2 Antlers half the length of the head, placed on 

 pedicles nearly equal to them in length. Brow tine short, 

 inclined inwards and upwards ; terminal extremity of beam 

 unbranched, and curved downwards and inwards. Lachrymal fossa 

 of skull very large, and extending into facial part of jugal ; lach- 

 rymal (antorbital) vacuity moderate. Ascending portion of pre- 

 maxillse at least as long as nasals. A permanent ridge extending 

 from each pedicle over the orbit, lachrymal fossa and vacuity. 

 Auditory bulla much inflated. Upper canines of males very large. 

 Ectocuneiform united with naviculo-cuboid of tarsus. No traces of 

 the phalanges of the lateral digits. 



The native name Muntjac has been generally adopted in 

 European languages for a small group of Deer indigenous to the 

 southern and eastern parts of Asia and the adjacent islands, which 

 are separated by very marked characters from all their allies. They 

 are also called "Kijang" or " Kidjang," and constitute the genus 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 889. 

 2 De Blainville, Bull Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 74. 



