3 2o UXGULATA 



lachrymal fossa and vacuity, and the degree of inflation of the audi- 

 tory bulla, are subject to variation in the different groups into 

 which the genus may be divided. 



The Rusine group is characteristic of the Oriental region, where 

 it is typically represented by the Sambur (C. aristotelis) of India, 

 Burma, and China. The antlers are rounded, and often strongly 

 grooved, without a bez tine, and with the beam simply forked at the 

 extremity, upright, and but slightly curved ; the angle formed by 

 the brow tine, which rises close to the burr, being acute. The 

 molars are markedly hypsodont, with small accessory columns. The 

 lachrymal fossa is deep and the vacuity large ; the auditory bulla 

 is slightly inflated and rugose. Tail moderate ; neck maned. 



The Sambur, which is abundant in hilly districts, is a fine animal, 

 standing nearly 5 feet in height, and of massive build ; the general 

 colour being deep brown. C. equinus, of Borneo, Sumatra, and 

 Singapore, C. swinhoei, of Formosa, C. philippinus, and C. alfredi of 

 the Philippines, are closely allied species, of which the two latter 

 are of smaller dimensions. The Indian Hog Deer (C. porcinus) is a 

 still smaller form, not larger than the Koe. C. hippelaphus of Java, 

 C. timoriensis, and C. moluccensis are distinguished by the posterior 

 branch of the beam of the antler being considerably larger than the 

 anterior. 



The Rucervine group is another strictly Oriental one, and is 

 represented by the Swamp Deer (C. duvaucelli) of India, the closely 

 allied C. schomburgki of Siam, of which the antlers are shown in 

 Fig. 119 (p. 309), and C. eldi of Burma and Hainan. The beam of 

 the antler is somewhat flattened, and more curved than in the Rusine 

 group ; the large brow tine is given off from the beam at an obtuse 

 angle and curves upwards ; the beam bifurcates into two branches, 

 which again divide. Skull as in the Eusine group, but relatively 

 narrower. Tail short ; neck maned. 



The Swamp Deer is somewhat smaller than the Sambur, and of 

 a full yellowish colour. Fossil representatives of this group occur 

 in the Pliocene of India. 



The Elaphurine group is represented only by the very aberrant 

 C. davidiamis of Northern China. In size and proportions this 

 species approximates to the Swamp Deer, but the antlers are peculiar 

 in rising straight from the brow and then giving off a long and 

 straight back tine (correlated by Sir V. Brooke with the posterior 

 branch of the Rusine antler) ; the summit of the beam is forked, 

 and in old individuals the two tines of the fork may again branch. 

 Nasals long, and much expanded between the lachrymal vacuities, 

 of which they form the inner border ; lachrymal fossa large and 

 deep. Tail long ; neck maned. 



The Axine group includes only the well-known Axis of India, 

 readily distinguished by the white spots with which the body is 



