BOVIDsE 351 



to Formosa, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. The smallest 

 species is the Himalayan Goral (N. goral). Of the larger forms we 

 may mention the Himalayan Serow (N. bubalinus) the Cambing- 

 Utan (N. sumatrensis) of Sumatra, and the Japanese N. crispus 

 (Fig. 144). Of the Serow, Colonel Kinloch remarks that "it 

 is a large and powerful beast. The body is covered with very 

 coarse hair, which assumes the form of a bristly mane on the 

 head and shoulders, and gives the beast a ferocious appearance, 

 which does not belie its disposition. The colour is a dull black 

 on the back, bright red on the sides, and white underneath, the 

 legs also being dirty white. The ears are very large, the muzzle 

 is coarse. The Serow has an awkward gait, but in spite of this can 

 go over the worst ground ; and it has perhaps no superior in going 

 down steep hills. It is a solitary animal, and nowhere numerous." 



Haploceros. 1 The Eocky-Mountain Goat (Haploceros montanus), 

 inhabiting the northern parts of California, appears to be very 

 closely allied to Nenwrhcedus. The horns are somewhat compressed 

 at the base ; there is no suborbital gland ; and the ears are small. 

 The hair, which is whitish in colour, is very long, and especially 

 abundant in the region of the throat, shoulders, flanks, and tail 

 The animal is about the size of a large Sheep. 



Budorcas? The Takin (B. taxicolor) of the Mishmi Hills in 

 Assam, and an allied species from Eastern Tibet, are larger forms 

 apparently related to Nemorhcedus, but with a much greater develop- 

 ment of the horns. The horns of what is considered to be the 

 male 3 arise from the vertex of the skull, and are nearly in con- 

 tact in the middle line; they first bend outwards and downwards, 

 and then suddenly upwards and backwards. Those regarded by 

 Mr. Hume as referable to the female are directed at first outwards, 

 and then gradually curve upwards and backwards, without any down- 

 Avard flexure or angulation. The horns of the male may be 2 feet in 

 length, with a basal diameter of 1 3 inches. The muzzle is hairy, with 

 a small naked muffle. There appear to be considerable seasonal 

 and sexual variations in colour ; the body being in some cases of 

 a yellow dun, while in others it is a dusky, reddish -brown, with 

 much black intermingled. The heads of large males are blackish. 



Scarcely anything is known of the habits of the Takin, which 

 never appears to have been seen alive by Europeans. 



Caprine Section. Both sexes with horns, but those of the female 

 small. Horns usually compressed, triangular, with transverse 

 ridges, and either curving backwards or spiral. Muzzle hairy, 

 without naked muffle. Suborbital gland small or absent ; lachrymal 



1 Hamilton -Smith, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v. p. 354 (1827). 

 Amended from ' ' Aplocerus. " 



2 Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xix. p. 65 (1850). 



3 See A. 0. Hume, Proc. Zool Soc. 1887, pp. 483-486. 





