352 



UNGULATA 



fossa of skull present or absent. Tail short and flattened. Foot- 

 glands frequently present. Molars very hypsodont ; those of the 

 upper jaw being narrow, without an accessory internal column. 

 Mainly Palaearctic, but with some outlying forms. 



This section includes the Goats and Sheep, which are so closely 

 connected that it is difficult to give well-marked generic characters 

 that will hold good for all the species. They seem to be one of 



FIG. 145. The Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex). 



the latest developments of the Bovidce, since they are unknown 

 before the Pliocene period ; and are essentially mountain forms. 



Capra. 1 Horns flattened from side to side, and either curving 

 backwards (Fig. 145) or spirally twisted. No suborbital gland, 

 and no lachrymal fossa in the skull. Foot-glands, if present, only 

 in the fore feet. Chin more or less bearded. Males with a strong 

 odour. Vertebrae: C 7, D 13, L 6, S 4, C 9-13. Some dozen species, 

 ranging over all the higher mountains of Southern Europe, from 

 Spain to the Caucasus ; also found in Abyssinia, Persia, Sind, and 

 Baluchistan, thence through the higher Himalaya, and so on to 

 Tibet and Northern China. One outlying species occurs in the 

 Nilgherries of Southern India. 



1 Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i. p. 94 (1766). 



