HYRACID& 



417 



inner (or second) digit is deeply cleft, and has a peculiar long 

 curved claw, the others have short broad nails. The stomach is 

 formed upon much the same principle as that of the Horse or 

 Rhinoceros, but is more elongated transversely and divided by a 

 constriction into two cavities a large left cul de sac, lined by 

 a very dense white epithelium, and a right pyloric cavity, with a 

 very thick, soft, vascular lining. The intestinal canal (Fig. 178) 

 is long, and has an 

 arrangement per- 

 fectly unique among 

 mammals, indeed 

 among vertebrated 

 animals, for, in addi- 

 tion to the ordinary 

 short, but capacious 

 and sacculated caecum 

 (cm) at the com- 

 mencement of the 

 colon, there is, lower 

 down, an additional 

 pair of large, conical, 

 pointed, supplemen- 

 tal caeca (c). The 

 liver is much sub- 

 divided, and there is 

 no gall-bladder. The 

 brain resembles that 

 of the typical Un- 

 gulates far more than 

 the Rodents. The 

 testes are perman- 

 ently abdominal. FlG 178 _ Diagrammatic view of the alimentary canal of 

 The Ureters Open into Hyrax capensis, the intestines being somewhat abbreviated, 

 the f lindus of the ^' Duodenum > i> il eum ; > caecum ; c, supplemental colic caeca ; 

 r, rectum. 



bladder, as in some 



Rodents. The female has six teats, of which four are inguinal 

 and two axillary ; and the placenta is zonary, as in the Elephant 

 and Carnivora. 



There are two distinct forms of Hyrax, differing both in 

 structure and habits, which may be accorded generic rank. 



Hyrax. 1 Molar teeth having the same pattern as those of 



1 Hermann, Tab. AffinU. Anim. p. 115 (1783). It has recently been pro- 

 posed to substitute the earlier name Procavia in lieu of Hyrax. The anatomy of 

 Hyrax was first described by Pallas (Spicilcgia Zoologica}. Besides minor 

 memoirs, two detailed accounts of its structure have appeared one by Brandt, 

 in Mem. Acad. Nat. Sden. St. Petersbourg, 7 Ume ser. vol. xiv. No. 2, 1869 ; and 



27 



