544 CARNIVORA 



tine, group, as represented by the Indian H. sivalensis and the 

 Grecian H. grceca, connects H. striata with Palhycena. Both are 

 characterised by the presence of a small second lower molar behind 

 the carnassial ; while H. grceca also has four lower premolars. Still 

 more generalised is the Lychycenine group, comprising H. macrostoma 

 of India and H. chceretis of the Pikermi beds ; in these forms the 

 muzzle was longer, and the premolars much more compressed than 

 in the existing species, thus making a very decided approach to the 

 Viverridce. There were four lower premolars ; the lower carnassial 

 had an inner cusp, and it is probable that there was a second lower 

 molar ; while the first upper molar was placed partially behind the 



FIG. 248. Outer view of part of the right ramus of the mandible of Hyceiia colvini, showing 

 the third and fourth premolars and the carnassial. (From the Palceontologia Indica.) 



carnassial. The Lower Pliocene Palhycena hipparionum. in which 

 the dental formula is i , c ^, p , m f , is a smaller form with long 

 jaws and compressed premolars which approaches so closely to the 

 Viverroid genus Ictitherium as to show pretty clearly how the 

 Hyaenas have been gradually modified from that stock. 



Section CYNOIDEA. 



Family CANID^E. 



This section contains the single family of the Canidce, or Dog- 

 like animals, which appear to hold an intermediate position between 

 the other two sections, retaining also many of the more generalised 

 characters of the ancient members of the order. The structure of 

 the auditory bulla and adjacent parts of the bones of the skull is 

 intermediate between that of the ^Eluroid and Arctoid forms. In 

 the number and arrangement of the teeth they more nearly approach 

 the primitive heterodont type than any other existing Carnivora. 



