RHINOLOPHID& 657 



last-named species extends from England to Japan, and southward to 

 the Cape of Good Hope. The genus is represented in the Himalaya 

 by the closely allied R. tragatus, distinguished by having three 

 vertical grooves on the lower lip, in place of the single groove found 

 in R. ferrum-equinum. Rhinolophus is represented in the Upper 

 Eocene Phosphorites of Central France by R. antiquus and R. 

 dubius ; the former appears to have the same dental formula as in 

 the existing species, but differs slightly in the structure of some of 

 the lower molars, so that it is separated generically by some writers 

 under the name of Pseudorhinolophus. The face is also longer than 

 in existing forms, and there are certain differences in the structure 

 of the skull. Alastor, from the same deposits, differs from Rhino- 

 lophus by the extreme shortness of the nasal region. Palceonycteris, 

 from the Lower Miocene of France, is said to be allied to Rhino- 

 lophus, but the premolars are f , and the limb bones are stated to 

 resemble those of Molossus. 



Subfamily Hipposiderinse. Toes e'qual, of two phalanges each ; 

 ilio-pectineal spine united by a bony isthmus with a process derived 

 from the antero-inferior surface of the ilium. 



Hipposidei'us. 1 Dentition : i , c \, p -^y-, m f ; total 30 or 28. 

 Tail well developed. This genus, of which more than twenty 

 species have been described, differs 

 from Rhinolophus in the form of the 

 nose -leaf, which is not lanceolate 

 behind and is unprovided with a cen- 

 tral process covering the nostrils. The 

 largest species, H. armiger, appears 

 to be the most northerly, having 

 been taken at Amoy in China, and 

 in the Himalaya at an elevation of 

 5,500 feet. Many of the species are 

 provided with a peculiar frontal sac 



r , . , , i /. T caratus. (From Dobson, Proc. ZooL Soc. 



behind the nose -leaf, rudimentary 1377.) 



in females (Fig. 305), which the 



animal can evert at pleasure ; the sides of this sac secrete a 



waxy substance, and its extremity supports a pencil of straight 



hairs. 



Anthops.- Like Hipposidems, but with the tail rudimentary, 

 consisting merely of three or four vertebrae hidden in the base of 

 the interfemoral membrane. Nose-leaf very complicated, its upright 

 transverse portion emarginate above, and the projections rounded 



1 Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 53. The Bats of this genus are usually 

 described as Phyllorhina, but this use has been shown to be incorrect ; see Blan- 

 ford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, \\ 637. 



- 0. Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. i. p. 156 (1888). 



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