CERCOPITHECID& 7 1 9 



This subfamily comprises the African Baboons, the common 

 Indian Monkeys constituting the genus Macacus, together with the 

 African Cercopitkecus and Cercocebus and a few allied types. 



Cynocephalus. 1 Muzzle much elongated (Fig. 344), with the 

 nostrils terminal ; ischial callosities very large ; tail more or less 

 short ; muzzle swollen by enlargement of the maxillae. Now con- 

 fined to Africa and Arabia. 



This genus comprises the typical Baboons, and we may select 

 the well-known Mandrill (C. maimon), of tropical West Africa, as a 

 good illustrative example. It may be mentioned in passing that 

 the name Mandrill appears to have been first introduced into 

 English literature by William Smith in his New Voyage to Guinea, 



FIG. 344. Skeleton of the Chacma Baboon (Cyiwceplialus porcarius). From De Blainville. 



published in 1744, wherein he mentions among the animals of 

 Sierra Leone one " called by the white men in this country Man- 

 drill," but adds, " why it is so called I know not." 2 Smith gives 

 sufficiently accurate details to show that his animal is not that now 

 called Mandrill, but the Chimpanzee. Buffon, however, while 

 quoting Smith's description, transferred the name to the very 



1 Lacepede, " Nouv. tabl. nieth." (1799) in Mim. de TInstitut, vol. iii. p. 490 

 (1801). 



2 " ' Mandrill ' seems to signify a ' man-like Ape, ' the word ' Drill ' or ' Dril ' 

 having been anciently employed in England to denote an Ape or Baboon. Thus 

 in the fifth edition of Blount's ' Glossographia, or a dictionary interpreting the 

 hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue . . . 

 very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read,' published in 

 1681, I find 'Dril, a stonecutter's tool wherewith he bores little holes in marble, 

 etc. Also a large overgrown Ape and Baboon, so called.' 'Drill ' is used in the 

 same sense in Charl ton's Onomasticon Zoicon, 1668. The singular etymology 

 of the word given by Buffon seems hardly a probable one." Huxley's Man's 

 Place in Nature, p. 10, 1863. 



