722 PRIM A TES 



It is very noteworthy from a distributional point of view, as 

 showing the former intimate connection between the faunas of the 

 Oriental and Ethiopian regions, that fossil remains of Baboons have 

 been found in the Pleistocene cavern-deposits of Madras, and also 

 in the older Pliocene beds of the Siwalik Hills in Northern India ; 

 the two species from the latter deposits having been described as 

 C. subhimalayanus and C. fakoneri. 



Theropithecus. 1 Distinguished from Cynoceplialus by the nostrils 

 not being terminal, but situated as in Macacus. This genus is 

 represented by the Abyssinian Gelada (T. gelada) and the allied 

 T. obscurus. 



Cynopithecus.- The Black Ape of Celebes (C. niger) forms a 



FIG. 346. The Tibetan Macaque (Macacus tibetamis). From Milne-Edwards, Recherclies des 

 Mammifercs, pi. ?A, 



connecting link between the Baboons and the genus Macacus ; the 

 skull differing from that of the latter in the development of longi- 

 tudinal ridges on the sides of the upper surface of the maxillae, as 

 in some of the species of Cynocephalus. The muzzle is also more 

 produced than in Macacus. 



Macacus. 3 Muzzle considerably produced ; nostrils not terminal ; 

 cheek-pouches and ischial callosities well developed ; tail long, short, 

 or absent ; a distinct talon to the third lower molar. 



With the exception of the Barbary Ape (M. inuus) of Northern 

 Africa and Gibraltar, the Macaques are now exclusively Asiatic, 

 one species (Fig. 346) occurring in Tibet, and another (M. 



1 I. Geoffrey, Arch, du Musium, vol. ii. p. 576 (1841). 



- I. Geoffroy, Voyage de Bdangcr, p. 66 (1834). 

 3 Lacepede, Mtm. dc Vlnstitut, vol. iii. p. 450 (1801). Amended. 



