734 



PR IMA TES 



and the molars are characterised by the complex structure of their 

 cusps and the numerous rugosities on the crown surface. The 

 outer border of the upper premolars is placed in the same line as 

 that of the molars. 



The broken canine tooth of a large Anthropoid Ape from the 

 Lower Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills 

 probably indicates the existence at 

 that period of a species of Simia in 

 Northern India. 



Gorilla. 1 Skull not produced at the 

 vertex; body and limbs massive, the 

 pectoral limb not reaching below the 

 middle of the lower leg (Fig. 355) ; 

 no centrale in the carpus ; hallux well 

 developed ; seventeen dorso - lumbar 

 vertebrae, of which thirteen carry ribs ; 

 no ischiatic callosities. Male much 

 larger than female, and Avith very 

 strongly marked cranial ridges, which 

 are wanting in the latter. Mandibular 

 symphysis long. Ethiopian. 



The well-known Gorilla (Fig. 356), 

 of which there seems to be only one 

 species (G. savagei), is found in Western 

 Equatorial Africa, chiefly or entirely 

 in the district enclosed by the 

 Cameroon and Congo rivers. It is 

 the largest of all the Apes, its bulk 

 considerably exceeding that of man, 

 although from the shortness of the 

 legs it appears never to attain a greater 

 height than 5^ feet. The first intro- 

 duction of this animal to the notice 

 of zoologists was made in 1847 by 

 Dr. Thomas Savage, but it was not fully known till many years later. 

 The skin of the Gorilla is entirely black, the hair being blackish, 

 but turning more or less gray in old individuals. The arms reach 

 down as far as the middle of the lower leg ; while the pollex 

 extends only a short distance beyond the base of the first phalange 

 of the index finger, and the hallux reaches nearly as far as the 

 distal extremity of the corresponding digit of the foot. The digits 

 of both the hand and foot are united together by integument as 

 far as the distal extremities of the first phalanges. The larynx 

 has very capacious air-sacs, which meet in front of the trachea and 

 communicate with the ventricles ; and in advanced age these sacs 

 1 I. Geoffrey, Comptes Mendus, vol. xxxiv. p. 84 (1852). 



FIG. 355. Skeleton of the Gorilla. 

 (From De Blainville.) 



