736 PRIM A TES 



number of the dorso-lumbar vertebrae, the present and following 

 genus resemble man ; although they both differ in having thirteen 

 in place of twelve pairs of ribs. 



The brain of the Gorilla, according to Dr. Hartmann, resembles 

 that of the Orang in the complexity of its convolutions, and is 

 thereby distinguished from that of the Chimpanzee. In form it is 

 of the long oval characteristic of Man ; the brain of the Chimpanzee 

 and Orang being more rounded. 



Gorillas live in family parties in the depths of the dense forests 

 of Western Equatorial Africa, seeking their food during the day, 

 while at night it is said that the female and young ascend a tree 

 at the foot of which the male sleeps. They walk with the backs 

 of their closed hands and the flat soles of the feet placed on the 

 ground. Although there has been much exaggeration on this 

 point, it appears certain that the male Gorilla is an extremely 

 ferocious and dangerous animal when brought to bay, but the 

 statements as to its making unprovoked assaults on men do not 

 appear authentic. They utter deep guttural sounds, which on 

 some occasions may be described as grunts and at others as a 

 roar. 



Anthropopithecus. 1 One of the most important differences of 

 this genus from the preceding is the absence of any marked 

 disparity between the two sexes, either in the size or the con- 

 formation of the skull, although the male can always be dis- 

 tinguished by the larger size of the canine teeth. The mandibular 

 symphysis is also much shorter. Differences in the characters of 

 the teeth are described below. The genus is confined at the present 

 day to the Ethiopian region. 



The Chimpanzees (Fig. 357) inhabit Western and Central 

 Equatorial Africa; and there has been much discussion whether 

 they should all be included under one specific name (A. troglodytes), or 

 whether there are really two or more species. A female specimen 

 now living in the London Zoological Gardens, characterised among 

 other distinctive features by the nearly bald head, clearly indicates, 

 however, a second species, which probably corresponds to the 

 imperfectly denned A. calms of Du Chaillu. 



The region inhabited by the Chimpanzees extends from the 

 Gambia to the Benguela, reaching as far inland as 28 E. long. 

 The Common Chimpanzee is a smaller animal than the Gorilla, its 

 height not exceeding 5 feet. In colour it is darker than the 

 latter, and the ears are relatively larger. In the upright position 



1 De Blainville, Lemons Orales (1839). The Chimpanzees have been very 

 generally described under the name of Troglodytes, but since this name is 

 preoccupied for a genus of birds, it is incumbent to follow the strict rule, and 

 adopt the name Anthropopitliccus, although both the present witers have 

 elsewhere expressed the opposite opinion. 



