HOMINID^E 753 



Labrador, and Nova Scotia, or the occasional accidental stranding 

 of a canoe containing survivors of a voyage across the Pacific or 

 the Atlantic, can have had little appreciable effect upon the char- 

 acteristics of the people. It is difficult, therefore, to look upon the 

 anomalous and special characters of the American people as the 

 effects of crossing, as was suggested in the case of the Australians 

 a consideration which gives more- weight to the view of treating 

 them as a distinct primary division. 



III. The Caucasian, Eurafrican, or white division, includes the 

 two groups called by Professor Huxley Xanthochroi and Melano- 

 chroi, which, though differing in colour of eyes and hair, agree so 

 closely in all other anatomical characters, so far, at all events, as has 

 at present been demonstrated, that it seems preferable to consider 

 them both as modifications of one great type than as primary divisions 

 of the species. Whatever their origin may have been, they are now 

 intimately blended, though in different proportions, throughout the 

 whole of the region of the earth they inhabit; and it is to the 

 rapid extension of both branches of this race that the great changes 

 now taking place in the ethnology of the world are mainly due. 



A. The Xanthochroi, or blonde type, with fair hair, eyes, and 

 complexion, chiefly inhabit Northern Europe (Scandinavia, Scotland, 

 and North Germany), but, although much mixed with the next 

 group, they also extend as far as Northern Africa and Afghanistan. 

 Their mixture with Mongoloid people has given rise- to the Lapps, 

 Finns, and some of the tribes of Northern Siberia. 



B. Melanochroi, with black hair and eyes, and skin of almost 

 all shades from white to black. They comprise the great majority 

 of the inhabitants of Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and South- 

 West Asia, and consist mainly of the Aryan, Semitic, and Hamitic 

 families. The Dravidians of India, the Veddahs of Ceylon, and 

 probably the Ainos of Japan, and the Maoutze of China, also 

 belong to this race, which may have contributed something to the 

 mixed character of some tribes of Indo-China and the Polynesian 

 Islands, and, as before said, have given at least the characters of 

 the hair to the otherwise Negroid inhabitants of Australia. In 

 Southern India they are largely mixed with a Negrito element, 

 and in Africa, where their habitat becomes coterminous with that 

 of the Negroes, numerous cross-races have sprung up between them 

 all along the frontier line. The ancient Egyptians were nearly pure 

 Melanochroi, though often showing in their features traces of their 

 frequent intermarriages with their Ethiopian neighbours to the 

 south. The Copts and fellahs of modern Egypt are their little- 

 changed descendants. 



In offering this scheme of classification of the varieties of the 

 human species, it is not suggested that it is one universally accepted 



48 



