THE ADVANCE OF SCIENCE 



in 



extinct ant-eaters, armadilloes, huge sloths, and strange 

 ungulates, reaching back into early Tertiary times. But 

 most remarkable has been the discovery in this area of 

 remains which indicate a former connection with the 



FIG. 31. 



Drawing of the skull and lower jaw of the Mentherium, discovered by 

 Dr. Andrews in the Upper Eocene of the Fayum Desert. The shape of 

 the skull and proportions of face and jaw are like those of an ordinary 

 hoofed mammal such as the pig ; but the cheek-teeth are similar to those 

 of the Mastodon, and whilst the full complement of teeth is present in 

 the front of the upper jaw, we can distinguish the big tusk -like incisor 

 which alone survives on each side in Palaomastodon, Mastodon, and the 

 elephants, as the great pair of tusks. 



