CONTENTS 11 

 LECTURE IV 



THE FOOD OF CROPS MANURING THE SOIL 



PAGE 



1. The evils of soil exhaustion in fruit culture 58 



2. Elements of plant food and discrimination in their 



application 58 



3. The benefits to cultivators by soil enrichment .... 59 



4. Constituents of good farm-yard manure 59 



5. Preparing and conserving the value of manure and 



compost heaps 60 



6. Peat moss litter, its value and use for fruit trees ... 61 



7. The results of experiments with chemical manures . . 61 



8. Nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic manures, with 



their proportions for crops 62 



9. The effect of chemical manures on root crops in sandy 



soil 64 



10. The action and uses of lime in soil 64 



11. Best times for applying different manures 65 



12. Nitrogen-gathering crops 65 



13. The value and application of liquid manures .... 66 



14. Answers to Questions 67 



LECTURE V 



ENEMIES OF CROPS AND TREES 



1. Weeds, as robbers of the soil a"nd spoilers of crops . . 71 



2. Birds, their depredations and prevention 72 



3. Preserving the buds of fruit bushes from birds .... 72 



4. Cleansing fruit trees of moss and lichens 72 



5. Red spider, its destructiveness and extirpation ... 73 



6. The prevention and destruction of fruit-tree caterpillars 73 



7. Importance of early action in destroying insects and 



garden pests 74 



8. Wire-worms, their origin and extirpation 74 



9. Slugs and snails, their depredations and destruction . 75 



10. Maggots in roots and their prevention 75 



11. Mildew, its evils, prevention and destruction .... 76 



12. Club root, its cause and prevention 77 



13. Canker and gum in fruit trees, their cause, prevention 



and treatment 77 



14. The potato disease fungus, and preventives 77 



