i 7 6 



HOUSE, GARDEN, AND FIELD 



the value of the sharp edges of a skate-iron, and the spiral 

 ridges on the rollers used in flour-mills are to some extent 

 similar contrivances. 



(4) Twining stems do not all twine in the same way, 

 but more often move against the sun than with it. The 

 revolution of a free shoot is generally much more rapid 

 than the apparent revolution of the sun. 



(5) The plants referred to are honeysuckle, climbing 

 Polygonum, larger Convolvulus, hop, scarlet runner, and 

 French bean. 



(6) The hazel-stick was indented by honeysuckle twining 

 round it, and at last becoming hard and woody. The upper 

 lip is thickened because the nutriment descending from the 

 leaves is checked by the ligature. 



(7) The free end is often considerably enlarged. 



(8) The down-pointing tip serves to drain off the rain- 

 water, 



(9) A thread, which is attached at both ends, can only 

 contract spirally when half the coils are reversed. 



(10) In hot countries there are many climbers which can 

 ascend tall trees ; in England the season of rapid growth is 

 too short for the purpose ; ivy, however, being evergreen, 

 and thus able to take advantage of the months when the 

 trees are bare, can climb tall trees. 



(n) TABLE OF SOME COMMON CLIMBING PLANTS. 



Twiners. 



Scarlet Runner . 

 French Bean 

 Wistaria 

 Honeysuckle 

 Convolvulus 

 Climbing Polygonum 

 Hop . 

 Tamus . 



Clematis . 

 Tropasolum 



against the sun 



do. 



do. 



follows the sun 

 against the sun 

 follows the sun 



do. 



do. 



Leaf-climbers. 



Leguminosas. 



do. 



do. 



Caprifoliaceae. 

 Convolvulaceae. 

 Polygonaceae. 

 Urticaceae. 

 Dioscorideae. 



Ranunculacese. 

 Geraniaceae. 



