198 HOUSE, GARDEN, AND FIELD 



is less deeply notched, and bears the nut in the centre 

 (in the common elm the nut is a little above the centre). 

 The twigs stouter, not fissured, but smooth up to a diameter 

 of several inches. 



Ash (Olive family). A tall, handsome tree. Flowers in 

 bunches, appearing before the leaves ; staminate, pistillate, 

 or with both stamens and pistil ; the large, dark-purple 

 anthers are often conspicuous. Fruit of bunches of winged 

 nuts, ripening in autumn, and dispersed in winter. Some 

 trees fruit abundantly, while others never fruit at all, 

 so that there is a tendency to separation of the sexes. 

 Twigs stout, greenish, smooth, with buttresses below the 

 leaves or buds ; often upturned at their ends. Leaves 

 appearing late and falling early, in opposite pairs, pinnate, 

 with 4-7 pairs of leaflets and an odd one ; the segments 

 acute, the margin toothed. In autumn and early winter 

 the bare leaf-stalks and flower-stalks often stand out 

 prominently for a time. Buds in opposite pairs, or 

 terminal, dark brown or black, scaly, the scales of the 

 terminal buds keeled. Old bark greenish, fissured. 



Horse-chestnut (Maple family). A tall, bell-shaped tree, 

 when undistorted. Twigs stout ; leaves in opposite pairs, 

 digitate, usually of seven leaflets ; buds in opposite pairs, 

 with a large terminal bud, scaly, and sticky near the time 

 of bursting ; old bark rather smooth, grey. 



Sycamore-maple (Maple family). A tall, shapely tree, 

 with rounded crown and horizontal foliage-masses (not 

 true foliage-sheets with the leaves in one plane) on the 

 lower boughs. Green flowers in hanging bunches in early 

 summer, succeeded by winged fruits attached to each 

 other in couples, the wings being set at an angle, often 

 a right angle ; the fruits dispersed by wind in autumn ; 

 leaves large, 5-lobed, palmate, in opposite pairs ; buds 

 large, in opposite pairs, scaly, the terminal bud often 

 larger ; old bark smooth, dark-grey. 



Hedge-maple (Maple family). A small tree, differing 

 from sycamore-maple in having its flower-branches erect, 



