CUDRANIA 



CULINARY HERBS 



911 



nate, petioled and stipulate Ivs.: fls. dioecious, in axil- 

 lary globular heads; staminate with 4 sepals and 4 

 stamens and 2-4 bracts at the base; pistillate with 4 

 sepals inclosing the 1-ovuled ovary, growing into a 

 fleshy subglobose fr. with a crustaceous rind. About 

 3 species, in S. and E. Asia and Trop. Austral., of which 

 only one is sometimes cult. It re- 

 quires protection in the N. and is 

 usually prop, by greenwood cuttings 

 in summer under glass. 



tricuspidata, Bureau (Madura tri- 

 cuspiddta, Carr. C. triloba, Hance). 

 Shrub, or small tree, to 20, rarely to 

 60 ft., with slender, thorny branches: 

 Ivs. elliptic-ovate, acuminate, entire, 

 sometimes 3-lobed at the apex and 

 on young plants even tricuspidate, 

 nearly glabrous, 1^-3 in. long: fl.- 

 heads axillary, solitary or in 2's, on short peduncles: fr. 

 globose, about 1 in. across. China. R.H. 1864, p. 390: 

 1872, p. 56; 1905, p. 363 (habit). H.I. 18:1792. 

 Recently recommended as an excellent hedge-plant for 

 the S. In China the Ivs. are used as a substitute for 

 mulberry Ivs. and it is called silkworm thorn; the fr. is 

 edible. Between this species and Madura pomifera, a 

 hybrid has been raised, described as Madudrania 

 hybrida, Andre". R.H. 1905:362. ALFRED REHDER. 



CULINARY HERBS are those herbs used for 

 flavoring in cookery, but the term has a wide applica- 

 tion, including species used for garnishing and some- 

 times as potherbs. The culinary herbs are of very minor 

 importance in American gardens, and yet a few of them, 

 as anise, caraway and coriander, are well and favorably 

 known. The species are mostly aromatic. They are 

 largely of the Umbellifera3 and Labiatae. No special 



Basil (Ocymum basilicum). Labiatx. Annual. Uses: As flavor in 



highly seasoned dishes; oil as perfumery. Propagated by seeds. 



Borage (Borago officinalis). Boraginacex. Annual. Uses: Herbage 



as potherb and salad; garniah; flavor in beverages. Propagated 



by seeds in spring. 



Caraway (Carum Carvi). UmbeUiferse. Biennial or annual. Uses- 

 Herbage eaten cooked or as salad; roots as vegetable; seeds for 



flavoring; oil in manufac- 

 ture of perfumery and 

 soaps. Propagated by seeds 

 in May or early June. 



1139. Staminate flower of 1140. Pistillate flower of 



Cucurbita maxima Hubbard Cucurbita maxima Hubbard 

 squash. (XJi) squash. (X 1 A) 



difficulty attaches to their cultivation, and little more 

 may be said here than to present an alphabetical list 

 with statements as to uses, duration of plant, and means 

 of propagation. They all thrive in mellow fertile 

 garden land. Usually they are grown at the side of 

 the main garden plantation, and they may add a 

 certain charm to the garden as well as to supply an 

 agreeable aroma to the kitchen products. See the little 

 book on "Culinary Herbs" by M. G. Kains, 1912. 



Angelica (A rchangelica officinalis). Umbelliferx. Biennial or peren- 

 nial. Uses: Stems and leaf-stalks as salad, or roasted like pota- 

 toes; garnish; as "candied angelica;" stems blanched and used 

 as vegetable; leaves as spinach; seeds for flavoring; oil of angelica 

 obtained from seeds for flavoring. Propagated by seeds in 

 late summer or early autumn. 



Anise (Pimpinella Anisum). Umbelliferx. Annual. Uses: Leaves 

 as garnish, flavoring, and potherb; seeds and oil for flavoring 

 and perfumery. Propagated by seeds in early spring. 



Balm (Melissa officinalis). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Foliage for 

 flavoring and salad; oil for perfumery and flavoring beverages. 

 Propagated by divisions, layers, cuttings and seeds. 



1138. Cucurbita maxima. 



Catnip or catmint (Nepeta Calaria). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: 

 As bee forage; leaves as condiment; formerly a medicinal 

 remedy. Propagated by seeds in autumn or spring. 



Chervil (AnthriscusCerefolium). Umbelliferx. Annual. Uses: Leaves 

 for seasoning and for mixed salads. Propagated by seeds. 



Chives (Allium Schcenoprasum). Liliacex. Perennial. Uses: 

 Leaves for flavoring. Propagated by individual bulbs or division 

 of clumps in early spring. 



Clary (Sahia Sclarea). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Leaves in cook- 

 ery; wine made from plant when in flower. Propagated by seeds 

 in spring. 



Coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Umbelliferx. Annual. Uses: 

 Seed in confectionary and as ingredient in condiments; flavor 

 in beverages. Propagated by seeds in spring or autumn. 



Cumin (Cuminum odorum). Umbelliferx. Annual. Uses: Seeds 

 as ingredient in curry powder; for flavoring pickles, pastry and 

 soupa. Propagated by seeds in spring. 



Dill (Anethum graveolens). Umbelliferx. Annual. Uses: Seed as 

 seasoning, extensively for commercial pickles; oil for perfuming 

 soap; young leaves as seasoning and salads; dill vinegar as condi- 

 ment. Propagated by seeds in spring. 



Fennel (Faeniculum vulgare). Umbelliferx. Biennial or perennial. 

 Uses: Herbage as garnishes and flavors; as salads; seeds for 

 flavoring beverages, and for confectionary; oil as perfumery. 

 Propagated by seeds, and grown as an annual. 



Finocchio or Florence fennel (Faeniculum dulce). Umbelliferx. 

 Annual. Uses: As a vegetable. Propagated by seeds. 



Fennel Flower (Nigetta saliva). Ranunculacex. Annual. Uses: 

 Whole plant or seed used in cookery. Propagated by seeds in 

 spring. 



Hoarhound, or horehound (Marrubium vulgare). Labiatx. Peren- 

 nial. Uses: Formerly in cookery and medicine; now for candy 

 only. Propagated by seeds in spring. 



Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Herbage 

 in salads ; oil in preparation of soaps, etc. Propagated by divisions, 

 cuttings and seeds in spring. 



Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia, L. 

 Spica). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: 

 Flowers and oil in perfumery; some- 

 times as condiment and in salads. 

 Propagated by divisions or cuttings, 

 or rarely seeds. 



Lovage (Levisticum officinale). Umbelli- 

 ferx. Perennial." Uses: Young stems 

 in confectionary. Propagated by 

 division or seeds in late summer. 



Marigold (Calendula officinalis). Com- 

 positx. Annual. Uses: Flower- 

 neads as seasoning; fresh flowers to 

 color butter. Propagated by seeds 

 in spring. 



Marjoram (Origanum vulgare and O. 

 Marjoram). Labiatx. Perennial (O. 

 Marjoram treated as annual). Uses: 

 Herbage for seasoning; oil in per- 

 fuming soaps, etc. Propagated by 

 cuttings, division or layers and seeds in spring. 



Mint (Mentha spicata). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Herbage as 

 seasoning; leaves in jelly. Propagated by cuttings, offsets and 

 divisions in spring. 



Parsley (Petroselinum hortense). Umbelliferx. Biennial. Uses: 

 Roots as vegetable; top as potherb; leaves for seasoning and 

 garnish. Propagated by seeds in spring. 



Pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Leaves 

 as seasoning; pennyroyal oil. Propagated by division, or rarely 

 cuttings. 



Peppermint (Mentha piperita). Labiatx. Perennial. Uses: Oil 

 as flavoring; perfume in soaps, etc. Propagated by division or 

 running rootstocks. 



1141. Stem of Cucur- 

 bita tnmrima Hubbard 

 squash. 



