618 



CALAMUS 



be used to advantage. Old well-furnished plants need 

 enormous quantities of water. All of them require stove 

 temperature. (G. W. Oliver.) 



ciliaris, Blume. St. slender, climbing by means of 

 long axillary leafless branches, covered with short 

 hooked spines: Ivs. V/y-^A ft. long,. 6 in. wide; Ifts. 

 40-50 on each side, hairy; petiole 2 in. long with few 

 hooked spines: spadix of female and male fls. finely 

 hairy-hispid on the spathes: fr. globose, about Km. 

 diam. Java and Sumatra. F.R. 1:607. G.C. III. 

 2i:86. Intro, into cult, in 1869. To be grown in 

 tropical house. 



asperrimus, Blume. St. slender, climbing by the 

 prickly cirrus of the Ivs. and the prickly branches: Ivs. 

 without stalks, about 18 in. long, bearing not more 

 than 8-10 thin, papery, irregularly placed Ifts. on each 

 side of the rachis: spadix simply decompound, about 

 7 ft. long, terminating in a slender prickly appendage. 

 Mts. of Java. Can be grown in a cooler house than 

 the preceding. 



C. Andreanum, Hort., Pill & Mitterb=(?). C. calicdrpus, Griff. 

 =Dmonorops calicarpus, Mart. C. dealbatus. Hort,=Acantho- 

 phoenix rubra, Wendl. C. Lewisi&nus, Griff.=Dsemonorop3 Lewis- 

 ianus, Mart. JJ. TAYLOK. 



CALAMUS or SWEET FLAG: Acorus Calamus. 



CALANCHOE: Kalanchoe. 



CALANDRINIA (J. L. Calandrini, Genevan botanist, 

 who wrote an important thesis in 1734). Portulacaceae. 

 Fleshy, spreading or nearly trailing plants, sometimes 

 cult, in borders and rockeries, or used for edgings in 

 sunny places. 



Flowers red or pink or rose-color, of short duration; 

 petals 3-7; sepals 2; stamens 5 (or 3) to 12; style with 

 3 branches: Ivs. alternate, narrow. About 60 species, 

 Brit. Col. to S. Amer. and in Austral. Annuals and per- 

 ennials, but the latter mostly treated as annuals; not 

 much grown in gardens. 



A. Fls. in a short umbel-like cluster. 

 umbellata, DC. Perennial, 4-6 in.: Ivs. linear and 

 hairy: fls. in a corymb, or umbel-like terminal cluster, 

 bright crimson. Peru. R.H. 1853:5. The C. umbellata 

 of gardens is hardy in many parts of the U. S.; in New 

 York it should be planted in a well-sheltered position, 

 or provided with ample protection in winter; sometimes 

 it acts like the biennials, but, as seeds are produced 

 very freely, young seedlings spring up constantly 

 between the old plants, and one does not miss the few 

 which may decay during the second year; the plant forms 

 a very neat, slightly spreading tuft; fls. are produced in 

 many-fld. umbels, terminal, numerous, and large, glow- 

 ing crimson-magenta, saucer-shaped, very showy. June 

 to Nov. Full exposure to sun, and light sandy soil, are 

 needed to bring out the rare beauty of these plants. 

 The fls. close up when evening comes, like the annual 

 portulacas, but they reopen on the following day. In 

 the sunny sloping part of a rockery, even when quite 

 dry, or among other low plants in a bed or border, 

 they are highly satisfactory. Although perennial, it 

 may also be treated like the annuals, as it flowers the 

 first summer as freely as afterwards. Can be prop, 

 by cuttings. 



AA. Fls. in longer clusters, pedicels often more or less 

 drooping. 



discolor, Schrad. (C. elegans, Hort.). Perennial, 

 1-2 Yi ft.: Ivs. fleshy, spatulate to obovate, purple 

 beneath, gray-green above, blunt: fls. bright light pur- 

 ple, 2 in. across, with yellow stamens. Chile. B.M . 3357. 



Menziesii, Torr. & Gray (C. speciosa, Lindl.). 

 RED MAIDS. Annual: 3-12 in. high, with green herbage, 

 glabrous, or nearly so: Ivs. linear, or spatulate-oblanceo- 

 late: fls. rose-red or purple, rather large and long- 

 peduncled (petals Kin. long). Calif., N. B.R. 1598. 

 Variable. There is a white-fld. variety advertised. 



CALANTHE 



grandiflora, Lindl. Perennial, 1-3 ft.: much like 

 C. discolor, but Ivs. oval and pointed, narrowed to 

 petiole, green, 4-8 in. long: fls. somewhat smaller, light 

 purple. Chile. 



spectabilis, Otto. & Dietr. Perennial, 2 ft.: Ivs. 

 lance-spatulate or rhomboid, IJ^ in- long, somewhat 

 pointed: fls. bright purple, 2 in. across. Chile. Said 

 to produce seed seldom; prop, by cuttings. 



Bftridgii, Hort. Annual, 1 ft.: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 smooth: fls. many, small, copper-rose or brick-red, 

 in leafy clusters. S. Amer. 



chromantha, Griseb. One ft., loosely branched: Ivs. 

 rather large: fls. and buds rose-colored: fr. orange- 

 yellow, persisting. Argentina. 



C. oppositifdlia, Wats.=Lewisia oppositifolia. 



J. B. KELLER. 

 L. H. B. 



CALANTHE (Greek for beautiful flower). Orchida- 

 cese. Sub-epiphytal or terrestrial hothouse orchids 

 found in the eastern hemisphere, and sparingly in the 

 western hemisphere. 



Scapes erect, many-fld.: Ivs. broad, plaited: fls. white 

 or rose-colored, rarely yellow: pseudobulbs angulate, 

 with grayish green sheaths in the Vestitse section, but 

 absent in the Veratrifolise section. Forty to 50 species 

 in tropics of both hemispheres. 



Most of the species and the numerous varieties 

 grown are deciduous, losing the foliage about the time 

 of flowering, and, at this season, water is given spa- 

 ringly until the flowers are cut; then the bulbs are kept 

 in a dry warm place until signs of growth in spring. 

 All calanthes are terrestrial and should be potted each 

 year in fibrous loam, with a small portion of old manure 

 and sand mixed in. Use plenty of drainage as for other 

 orchids, and about 2 inches of soil; secure the bulbs 

 firmly by means of part of the old wiry roots; water 

 very sparingly until active root-action takes place; but, 

 when in full growth, weak manure-water may be given 

 at each watering. The young foliage is very sensitive to 

 sun, and must be shaded as soon as it develops; keep 

 the plants near the glass and give all light possible, 

 and the warmest treatment permitted in orchid cul- 

 ture. They enjoy a little heat, even in summertime, 

 from the pipes at night. The best place to grow calan- 

 thes is a sunken, well-heated pit facing south, lowering 

 the plant as the foliage nears the glass. Calanthe 

 veratrifolia is an evergreen species and may be treated 

 similarly to the Phaius. Calanthes are easily increased 

 by separation of the bulbs at the time of repotting. 

 Young bulbs are often produced from the apex of old 

 ones; old ones will start again the second year and 

 make increase. (E. O. Orpet.) 



vestita, Lindl. (C. oculata, Hort.). Lvs. broadly lan- 

 ceolate, nearly 2 ft. long, from grayish green pseudo- 

 bulbs: fls. nearly 3 in. across, numerous, in racemes; 

 petals and sepals whitish, all more or less overlapping, 

 the former oval-oblong, the latter pbovate-oblong; 

 labellum flat, large, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe cleft; a 

 yellow or crimson blotch in front of the short column; 

 scapes from 2-3 ft. high, hairy. Blooms in winter. 

 Malaya. B.M. 4671. F.E. 9:325. A.F. 6:655. F.S. 

 8:816. A most popular orchid. There are many 

 forms, of which the following are the most important: 

 Var. gigantea, Hort. Larger in all parts: fls. white, 

 with red eye. Var. nivalis, Hort. Fls. pure white. Var. 

 Turneri, Hort. (C. Turneri, Reichb. f.). Fls. more 

 numerous, labellum with a crimson blotch; blooms later 

 in the season than the next. Var. rftbro-oculata, Hort. 

 Labellum with a crimson-purple blotch. Oct.-Feb. 

 G. 10:629. Var. l&teo-oculata, Hort. Yellow-blotched. 

 Var. Regnieri, Hort. (C. Regnieri, Reichb. f . C. Stevensi- 

 dna, Regnier). Pseudobulbs more elongated, with a 

 depression above the middle: labellum rose-colored, 

 with a purple blotch in front of column, less deeply 



