CALLISTEPHUS 



broadly ovate or triangular-ovate and deeply and 

 irregularly toothed; blade decurrent into a petiole, 

 those on the upper parts becoming spatulate or nar- 

 rower: heads in wild plant heterogamqus and radiate, 

 the ray-florets in 1-2 series and pistillate, the disk- 

 florets perfect and fertile; involucre hemispherical, 

 the bracts imbricated in many series and the outer 

 ones large and green: fr. a compressed achene. The 

 rays become much multiplied under cult., and they are 

 also variable in size, shape and color. The colors are 

 violet, purple, blue and white, the rays never being 

 true yellow. Widely variable under cult., and one of 

 the best of the garden annuals, growing from 6 in. to 

 2 l /z ft. high. It is the Reine-marguerite of the French 

 and the Sommeraster of the Germans. L, H. B. 



CALLITRIS (from the Greek for beautiful). Includ- 

 ing Frenela and Widdringtonia. P.indcese. Evergreen 

 trees or shrubs, not quite hardy in the open in England, 

 but thriving well in the southernmost parts of the 

 United States; allied to Thuja. 



Leaves scale-like or awl-like, in whorls of 3 or 4 on 

 jointed branches, or sometimes alternate: monoecious; 

 sterile catkins cylindrical or ovoid, the stamens in 

 whorls of 3 or 4, the scales broad and sometimes pel- 

 tate; fertile cones of 4-8 scales, and borne on short and 

 thick peduncles, either solitary or clustered, usually 

 ripening the second year and often persisting after the 

 seeds have fallen. About 15 species in Austral., New 

 Caledonia and Afr. Little known in cult. here. 



A. Cone 6-valved. 



robusta, R. Br. (Frenela robusta, Cunn.). CYPRESS 

 PINE. Ranging from a shrub to a tree 90 ft. high: 

 branchlets crowded, short and erect: sterile catkins 

 J^in. or less long, solitary or in 3's: cones solitary or 

 few-clustered, nearly globular, about 1 in. diam. ; seeds 

 usually 2-winged. Austral. Trees about 30 years old 

 are said to be growing at Santa Barbara. In S. Fla. it 

 makes good specimens, in 5 years becoming 10-12 ft. 

 high. The tree somewhat resembles red cedar, and is 

 reported as useful for tall hedges and windbreaks. 

 This is one of the "pines" of Austral., the wood being 

 used in building and for the making of furniture. 



rhomboidea, R. Br. (Frenela rhomboidea, Endl.). 

 Smaller, reaching 25-50 ft. : branches somewhat slender 

 and often drooping, angled when young: cones usually 

 only one-half the diam. of those of C. robusta, globular, 

 the 6 valves alternately larger and smaller, the larger 

 valves having a broadly rhomboidal apex with a pro- 

 tuberance at the center. Austral, and Tasmania. 

 Timber used for telegraph poles and in construction. 



AA. Cone 4-valved. 



quadrivalvis, Vent. (Thitja articuldta, Vahl). 

 ARAR-TREE. SANDARACH. GUM TREE. Small tree, 

 with fragrant hard durable wood: branches jointed 

 and spreading: Ivs. very small, flattened, distichous, 

 reduced to scales at the nodes: cone 4-sided, small, the 

 valves oval and with a protuberance near the tip. 

 N. Afr., in the mts. L.B.C. 9:844. Furnishes varnish 

 resin (gum sandarach). 



Whytei, Engler (Widdringtonia Whyiei, M. Wood). 

 The wood is dull reddish white, strongly aromatic, 

 and locally used for furniture and for doors and win- 

 dows. Tree attaining a maximum height of 140 ft., 

 with a diam. of 5% ft. at a point 6 ft. above the ground, 

 the trunk being clear for 90 ft. : Ivs. on ultimate branch- 

 lets, deltoid and closely appressed opposite; on other 

 branchlets usually linear-lanceolate, spreading at the tips, 

 alternate: in seedling stage linear, spreading and about 

 1 in. long: cones 4-6 together, about %in. long and 

 %-l in. wide when open. S. E. Afr. It grows at an 

 altitude of 5,000-7,000 ft. on Mt. Milanji in Nyassaland 

 and is known as the Milanji cypress or cedar. Appar- 

 ently hardy in parts of Cent. Calif. L H t 3 



CALOCHORTUS 



631 



CALLOPSIS (Calla-like). Ardcese. A single species 

 from German E. Afr.: C. Volkensii, Engler. Spathe 

 like that of a little calla, snow-white, 1J4 in. long by 

 1 in. broad, the spadix partly united to it (and yellow) : 

 Ivs. crowded, cordate-ovate, 5 in. long, shining, the 

 petiole about 2 in. long; semi-epiphytic, with creeping 

 rhizome. Probably cult, only in botanic gardens or 

 other collections. 



CALLUNA (Greek, to sweep; the branches are some- 

 times used for making brooms). Ericaceae. HEATHER. 

 Low evergreen shrubs cultivated chiefly for their bright 

 rosy pink, rarely white flowers appearing in great pro- 

 fusion late in summer. 



Leaves scale-like, opposite, in 4 rows, the branchlets 

 therefore quadrangular: fls. in terminal, 1-sided spikes; 

 corolla campanulate, 4-parted, 

 shorter than the 4-parted colored 

 calyx; stamens 8, with 2 reflexed 

 appendages: fr. a septicide, 4- 

 celled, few-seeded caps. One 

 species in W. and N. Eu., also 

 in Asia Minor; in E. N. Amer. 

 in some localities naturalized. 

 The genus differs from the closely 

 related Erica in its deeply 4- 

 parted colored calyx, longer than 

 the 4-parted co- 

 rolla. For culture, 

 see Erica. 



vulgaris, Salisb. 

 (Erica vulgaris, 

 Linn.). Fig. 746. 

 From Yr-Z ft.: Ivs. 

 oblong -linear, ob- 

 tuse, sagittate at 

 the base, glabrous 

 or pubescent: fls. 

 small, in long, erect, 

 rather dense ra- 

 cemes, rosy pink, 

 sometimes white. 

 Aug., Sept.-ySome 

 of the most distinct 

 of the numerous named varieties are the following: Var. 

 alba, Don (and var. alba Hdmmondii), with white fls.; 

 var. Alpdrtii, Kirchn., of more vigorous growth, with rosy 

 carmine fls.; var. carnea, Hort., with flesh-colored fls.; 

 var. plena, Regel, with double rose-colored fls.; var. 

 hirsuta, Gray (var. tomentosa, Don), the branchlets 

 and Ivs. with grayish tomentum; var. nana, Kirchn. 

 (var. pygm&a, Hort.), forming low moss-like tufts; 

 var. rubra, Kirchn., with deep rosy carmine fls.; var. 

 pro strata, Kirchn., with the branches spreading and 

 partly prostrate, fls. pink; var. Searlei, Hort. (var. 

 alba Serlei, Hort..), fls. white, appearing late in autumn. 

 The heather is a very handsome small shrub, well 

 adapted for borders of evergreen shrubberies, or for 

 dry slopes and sandy banks and preferring sunny posi- 

 tions; it is also found growing well in swamps and in 

 partly shaded situations. Cut branches keep their 

 life-like appearance for many months. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CALOCHORTUS (Greek for beautiful and grass). 

 Lilidcex. Incl. Cyclobothra. MARIPOSA LILY. STAR 

 TULIP. GLOBE TULIP. West American cormous plants, 

 the occidental representatives of Tulipa, useful as border 

 plants and to some extent for indoor culture. 



Stem usually branched, and from a coated conn, 

 more or less leafy: perianth of unequal segms., the outer 

 ones the smaller and more or less sepal-like, the 3 inner 

 ones large and showy and bearing glands and hairs; 

 stigmas 3, sessile and recurved; stamens 6; fls. showy, 

 shallow-cupped on the inner segms., arching. From 

 40-50 species, mostly on the Pacific side of the con- 



746. Calluna vulgaris. (Plant 



