CALOTHAMNUS 



CALYCANTHUS 



637 



quadrifidus, R. Br. Height 2-4 ft. : Ivs. narrow, terete 

 or slightly flattened, heath-like, glandular-dotted : fls. 

 rich crimson, 4-merous; calyx 2-lobed in fr.; staminal 

 bundles nearly equal, of 15-20 or more filaments. 

 W. Austral. B.M. 1506. 



C. rupfstris, Schau. Evergreen shrub, the branches densely 

 covered with needle-like small Ivs.: fls. in small clusters on previous 

 year's growth; stamens with crimson filaments and yellow anthers. 



S.M. 7906. j BURTT DAVY. 



CALOTROPIS (from Greek words referring to the 

 beauty of parts of the flower). Asclepiadacese. Milk- 

 weed-like shrubs, or small trees, grown in the Ameri- 

 can tropics and one species offered in southern Cali- 

 fornia. 



Branching, glabrous or tomentpse-canescent: Ivs. 

 opposite, subsessile, broad: fls. with 5-parted calyx 

 glandular inside; corolla bell-shaped or somewhat 

 rotate, 5-parted with broad lobes; crown of 5 narrow 

 fleshy scales adnate to the staminal tube and free and 

 recurved at the base; pollinia solitary in each cell, 

 obovate-oblong and compressed, hanging from the 

 apex: fr. short horned gibbous acuminate pods mostly 

 in pairs; seeds with silky hairs. Three species in Trop. 

 Asia and Afr., sometimes grown under glass in col- 

 lections but in this country practically confined to the 

 tropics. The bark of C. gigantea produces a strong 

 fiber, and the acrid milky juice dries into a substance like 

 gutta-percha. The silk on the seeds is used in fabrics 

 by natives; that of C. procera is said to be exported 

 from the Cape Verde Isls. as kapok (kapok is usually 

 from the ceiba or silk-cotton tree). 



gigantea, R. Br. (Asclepias gigantea, Willd.). GIANT 

 MILKWEED. Tree-like, 8-15 ft., with pale bark and 

 woolly shoots: Ivs. obovate to broad wedge-shaped, 

 entire, woolly beneath: fls. rose and purple, in simple 

 or compound umbels with involucrate scales, the 

 corolla-segms. bent downwards and twisted with age: 

 fr. 3-4 in. long; seeds broadly ovate. B.R. 58. India, 

 and planted or escaped in W. Indies. 



procera, Dry. (Asclepias procera, Ait.). Shrub or 

 bush, to 15 ft. : Ivs. more oblong and acute than those of 

 C. gigantea, grayish: fls. white and purple in long- 

 peduncled cottony umbels; corolla-lobes erect: fr. 

 4-5 in. long, recurved; seeds ovoid. B.R. 1792. India. 

 Offered in S. Calif., and said to be known in Porto 

 Rico as Algodon de seda. L. H. B. 



CALPURNIA (after Calpurnius, an imitator of Virgil, 

 because these plants are allied to Virgilia). Legumi- 

 nosse. Trees and shrubs from tropical and southern 

 Africa, cultivated out-of-doors in southern California 

 and other subtropical regions. 



Leaves odd-pinnate with numerous Ifts.: racemes 

 long, axillary and terminal, the peduncles often panicu- 

 late, giving rise to a splendid showy infl. ; fls. yellow, the 

 calyx bell-shaped; petals pea-like: pods membranous- 

 winged on one side, often flattish. Ten species. 



sylvdtica, Mey. Shrub, 6-10 ft. high: Ivs. 2-6 in. 

 long; Ifts. in 3-10 pairs, membranous, obovate-ellip- 

 tical, retuse or obtuse: fls. ^in. long; ovary glabrous. 

 Caffraria. Also rarely cult. N. as a greenhouse shrub. 



lasiogyne, Mey. (C. aurea, Benth.). A taller shrub, 

 very rarely tree-like, with larger evergreen lys., more 

 coriaceous, more pubescent, and exactly elliptical or 

 oblong Ifts: fls. racemose, much like Laburnum, appear- 

 ing in winter, as do the fls. of most S. African plants. 

 The silky ovary at once distinguishes it. Natal. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



CALTHA (Latin name of the marigold). Ranuncu- 

 lacese. Beautiful hardy blooming marsh plants, the 

 largest and best of which are used about water-gardens 

 and moist parts of borders. 



Succulent perennial herbs, glabrous, with a fascicle 

 of strong, fibrous roots: Ivs. simple, rather rounded- 

 cordate at base: fls. yellow, white or pink; sepals large, 



deciduous, petal-like; petals none; stamens numerous: 

 carpels sessile, becoming follicles, with 2 rows of seeds. 

 About 10 species of temperate and frigid regions. 

 Monogr. by G. Beck, in Kaiserlich-Konigliche Zool. 

 Bot. GeseUschaft (Vienna, 1886), 36:347-363; E. Huth, 

 Monogr. in Helios 9:69-74. 



Calthas flourish best in wet places near running 

 water. Though naturally bog-plants, they succeed ad- 

 mirably well in an ordinary border in rather rich soil. 

 They should be introduced more liberally into the 

 flower-garden, where they bloom very freely year after 

 year, and usually mature a second quite abundant 

 crop of bloom in the fall. The flowers last a long time 

 in water, and sell readily in the cut-flower market. 



The propagation is naturally accomplished by roots 

 and by seed. The roots divide easily and several of the 

 species send out rootstalks. The divisions may be made 

 best in late fall or mild winter weather. If seeds are 

 used, they must be fresh and given a moist, cool place 

 in partial shade. 



bifl6ra, DC. No true st.: scape slender, usually 2- 

 fld. : Ivs. as in C. palustris: sepals 6-9, nearly white or 

 sometimes bluish : follicles at maturity distinctly stalked . 

 Spring. Calif, to Alaska. 



leptosgpala, DC. Stout scape, 8-12 in. : Ivs. all basal 

 or barely 1 on st.; nerves at base nearly parallel, other- 

 wise like those of C. biflora: sepals 7-10, oblong, becom- 

 ing narrower, white: fls. solitary: follicles scarcely 

 stalked. May, June. Alaska to Wash, and Colo. Gn. 

 30:340. 



palustris, Linn. MARSH MARIGOLD. St. hollow, 1-2 

 ft., branching, several-fld. : Ivs. cordate or reniform, den- 

 tate, crenate or entire: fls. bright yellow, 1-2 in. broad; 

 sepals 5 or 6, rarely 7: follicles compressed, J^in. long. 

 Apr .-June. Wet ground. Carolinas to Canada and west- 

 ward. Gt. 47, p. 630. Gn. 59, p. 166. Used before flow- 

 ering in the spring as "cowslip greens." Var. monstrosa- 

 pleno, Hort. (vaT.fldre-pleno, Hort.). An improvement 

 on the above: fls. larger, of greater substance, and often 

 much doubled. Very beautiful. Var. Tyermanii, Hort. 

 A dwarf form with golden fls. G.M. 52:415. 



polypetala, Hochst. Two ft. high: Ivs. 10^12 in. 

 across: fls. 3 in. across. Caucasus and Asia Minor. 

 The plant spreads rapidly by stolons and may thus be 

 easily prop. Gn. 69, p. 269. 



C. data, Duthie. Fls. smaller than in C. palustris, golden yellow 

 with orange-colored filaments and black anthers. Himalaya. Gn. W. 

 21:666,desc. K- DAVIS. 



CALTROPS: Trapa. 



CALVOA (apparently a personal name). Melas- 

 tomdcese. A half-dozen or more herbs and shrubs in 

 Trop. Afr., often succulent, with terete or 4-angled 

 branches, enlarged nodes, long-petioled ovate 3-5- 

 nerved Ivs., and red, rosy or violet fls. in scorpioid 

 cymes. None of them is likely to be in commerce for 

 cult., although C. orientalis, Taub., is known in botanic 

 gardens. It is a small shrub with 4-angled sts. produc- 

 ing aerial roots: Ivs. nearly ovate, shining green and 

 veined red at the base, the petioles red: fls. red, becom- 

 ing violet, less than %in. across. 



CALYCANTHUS (Kalyx and anthos, flower; the calyx 

 is large and conspicuous). Syn. Butneria. Calycanthacese. 

 CAROLINA ALLSPICE. SWEET-SCENTED SHRUB. Orna- 

 mental shrubs, cultivated chiefly for their fragrant 

 flowers. 



Winter-buds small, without bud-scales, hidden by the 

 base of petiole before the Ivs. fall: Ivs. opposite, petioled, 

 entire: fls. with numerous imbricate sepals and no dis- 

 tinct petals; stamens many, short with innate anthers; 

 Eistils many, inclosed in a hollow receptacle: fr. caps.- 

 ke, formed like the rose-hip by the calyx-tube and 

 containing numerous achenes. Four species in N. 

 Amer. 



