644 



CAMPANULA 



CAMPANULA 



GROUP II. Tall or border campanulas, characteristically 



afoot or 15 in. or more high. Nos. 2-23. 

 A. Calyx with an appendage at the base of each sinus. 



B. Caps. 5-celled and stigmas 5 (variable in No. 8). 

 c. Style excessively long, the stigma an inch or more long. 

 2. macrostyla, Boiss. & Heldr. Annual, 1-2 ft., 

 branched from the base, hispid with rigid spreading 

 scattered bristles: branches stout: Ivs. scattered, small 

 for the size of the plant, sessile, bristly on both sur- 

 faces; lower ones ovate-oblong, acute; upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, recurved, cordate, eared at the base: calyx- 

 tube hidden by the bladdery appendages, small, broader 

 than long; fls. solitary; on stout peduncles, 2-2 > in. 



broad; corolla 

 very broad and 

 open, pale pur- 

 ple without, dull 

 purple within, 

 marked with 

 violet, and hairy 

 toward the bot- 

 tom; lobes very 

 broad, short 

 and acute. Mt. 

 Taurus in Ana- 

 tolia. Gn. 15: 

 356 and 12, p. 

 209. B.M. 6394. 

 The very long 

 exserted style is 

 brown and spin- 

 dle - shaped be- 

 fore spreading 

 open. Self-sown 

 seeds sometimes 

 remain a year 

 before sprout- 

 ing. 



cc. Style not ex- 

 cessively long. 

 3. longestyla, 

 Fomine. Peren- 

 nial, \y 2 -2 y 2 ft., 



more or less 

 hairy: basal 

 Ivs. lance -oval, 

 lobed, the st.- 

 Ivs. oblong and 

 sessile: fls. blue- 

 purple, droop- 

 ing; calyx-lobes 

 lanceolate- 

 pointed, the 

 appendages re- 

 flexed on the 

 peduncle;corolla 

 almost urn-shaped, dilated below the middle; style 

 exserted with 3, 4 or 5 stigmas: caps. 3-5-celled. Cau- 

 casus. Gn. W. 23:671. Var. parvifldra, Bois. Fls. 

 smaller. R.H. 1911:548; p. 549. 



4. Medium, Linn. (Medium grandiflorum, Spach). 

 CANTERBURY BELLS. Fig. 764. Biennial, 1-4 ft.; 

 plant pilose: st. erect: Ivs. sessile, ovate-lanceolate or 

 lanceolate, crenate-dentate : raceme lax, many-fld.; fls. 

 violet-blue, varying to several shades and to white, 2 in. 

 long; calyx-lobes ovate-acuminate, the appendages half 

 as long as the ample ovate obtuse lobes; corolla bell- 

 shaped, inflated. S. Eu. Gn. M. 14:9. Two forms (aside 

 from thesingle-fld.) occur: thedouble, Fig. 764a, with 1-3 

 extra corollas, and the var. calycanthema, Hort., Fig. 

 7646, with an enlarged spreading and petal-like outer 

 part sometimes deeply divided and sometimes little 

 lobed or nearly entire (varying on the same plant) . The 

 var. calycanthema is the CUP-AND-SAUCER form (the 



764. Campanula Medium, the Canterbury 

 Bell. Modified forms are shown. 



name hose-in-hose, sometimes applied in Campanula, 

 would better be retained for Primula elatior); a fair 

 percentage come true from seed; usually a stronger 

 plant than the common C. Medium. G.C. III. 

 24:65. R.H. 1896, p. 301; 1897, p. 238. Gng. 5:88. Gn. 

 48, p. 295. F.S. 19, p. 152. G.W. 3, p. 291. G.Z. 17: 

 113. Var. Wiegandii, Hort. Lv&. golden yellow: fls. 

 blue. Var. imperialis, Hort., is a very floriferous form 

 or possibly a hybrid. Canterbury bells are most 

 commonly treated as hardy biennials, the seed being 

 sown in the open border, but they do not flower the 

 first year. They can also be treated as tender 

 annuals, the seed being sown indoors in early spring 

 and the plants set out May 1-15. They will then flower 

 well the first season, but always better the second year. 

 Sowings may also be made in April, May or later, in 

 pots, boxes or beds, and plants then be transferred into 

 some sheltered place where they can be slightly pro- 

 tected during the winter, and then transplanted in 

 spring to their permanent places into good rich soil, 

 where they will make a great show if they have had the 

 right treatment. Let them stand 18-24 in. apart. Seed- 

 lings potted up in autumn may be brought into bloom 

 readily indoors in spring; and even blooming plants, if 

 not spent, may be potted direct from the garden and 

 used in the house in autumn. 



BB. Caps. 3-celled: stigmas 3. 



5. alliariasfdlia, Willd. (C. lamiifolia, Bieb. C. ma- 

 crophylla, Sims). Perennial, 1K~2 ft.: st. erect, striate, 

 woolly, branched only at the top: root-lvs. large, heart- 

 shaped, crenate, tomentose; st.-lvs. on petioles which 

 gradually shorten upward, the highest being sessile: 

 fls. white, nodding, on short stalks, borne singly in the 

 axils of the floral Ivs. as in C. sarmatica, but the floral 

 Ivs. larger and broader; calyx a third or a fourth shorter 

 than the corolla, with margins rolled back, and appen- 

 dages less minute than in C. sarmatica; corolla always 

 white, 2 in. long, ciliated at the margin, and with char- 

 acteristic tooth-like processes at the base of each sinus. 

 Caucasus, Asia Minor. B.M. 912. Gn. M. 14:9. 



6. sarmatica, Ker-Gawl. Perennial, 1-2 ft.: st. 

 simple, striate, pubescent: Ivs. remarkable for their 

 gray color, harsh, leathery, wrinkled, tomentose, 

 oblong-cordate, crenate, the lower long-petioled, the 

 upper sessile: calyx with minute reflexed appendages, 

 and a short, densely hairy tuft: fls. about 6 on a st., 

 nodding; corolla about 1 in. long, and 1^ in. across, 

 pale blue, marked with 5 hairy lines. Caucasus, in 

 subalpine places. B.M. 2019. L.B.C. 6:581. 



7. Grdssekii, Heuff. Has the habit and infl. of C. 

 Trachelium, but the calyx is appendaged; perennial, 

 2^2 ft., branching from the base, angled, pilose: Ivs. 

 hispid, the lower cordate, unequally petioled, doubly 

 crenate-serrate, the uppermost ovate-acute, narrowed 

 into a petiole: calyx setose-ciliate, lobes spreading, 

 reflexed at the apex, appendages lanceolate, a third 

 shorter than the lobes; corolla hispid, 2 or 3 times longer 

 than the calyx-lobes: fls. large, bell-shaped, violet, in a 

 long raceme. Hungary. Gt. 35, p. 477. G. 27:459. 



8. mirabilis, Alboff. Biennial or short-lived peren- 

 nial, 1 ft. or more; whole plant forms a broad dense 

 cone with such a profusion of bloom as almost to hide 

 the foliage: lower Ivs. 4-6 in. long, obovate or spatu- 

 late, obtuse, coarsely toothed, petiole winged: fls. pale 

 lilac, erect, broadly campanulate, 2 in. across, the 

 corolla hairy on margins and back. Caucasus. B.M. 

 7714. G.C. III. 24:33; 42:144-5. Gt. 47, p. 192. Gn. 

 54, p. 454; 60, p. 58. G.W. 12, p. 445. A very beauti- 

 ful and remarkable plant. 



AA. Calyx without an appendage at the base of each sinus. 

 B. Fls. rotate or wheel-shaped. 



9. americana, Linn. Annual and biennial, 3-6 ft.: 

 st. erect, simple: Ivs. thin, serrate, somewhat pilose; 



