CAMPANULA 



CAMPANULA 



645 



root-lvs. ovate-acute, subcordate, petiolate; st.-lvs. 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends: calyx-tube 

 long, obconical, the teeth linear-acuminate, almost 

 entire, spreading, shorter than the 5-fid, wheel-shaped 

 corolla; fls. light blue, 1 in. broad, in long spikes, soli- 

 tary or in 3's; corolla shallow, lobes pilose outside and 

 at the apex; style long, strongly declined and upwardly 

 curved: caps, cylindrical, grooved. Shaded low ground 

 Canada to Iowa, south to Fla. and Ark. Rarely 

 cult. It is possible that Phyteuma canescens is still cult, 

 as C. americana. 



BB. Fls. saucer-shaped or broadly bell-shaped, i. e., the 

 tube shallower and the limbs more widely spread- 

 ing than the bell-shaped. 



c. St.-lvs. linear-lanceolate, crenulate. 



10. persicifolia, Linn. Fig. 765. Perennial, 2-3 ft. : st. 

 erect: Ivs. glabrous, rigid, crenulate; root-lvs. lanceolate- 

 obovate; st.-lvs. linear-lanceolate or spatula te, of ten 3 in. 

 long: calyx-lobes acuminate, wide at the base, entire, 

 half as long as the broadly bell-shaped corolla: fls. blue 

 or white, pedicelled, solitary, terminal and axillary, often 

 1^ in. long, 2 in. broad: caps, ovoid, 3-grooved. Eu. 

 B.M. 397. G.C. III. 43:384. Gn. 75, p. 30. G. 6:297. 

 Gn. M. 14:9. G.W. 3, p. 292. C.L.A. 13:478; the 

 white form in G. 13:71 and Gn. W. 23:Suppl. Jan. 27; 

 the double white in G.C. 111.27:409 and G. 3:563. 

 One of the best of all perennial campanulas. Var. 

 macrantha is a large-fld. form with fls. all along the st. 

 Gt. 44, p. 148. Gn. 48, p. 306. A.F. 6:383. S.H. 1:131. 

 Var. alba grandifldra and var. Bdckhousei are among 

 the popular white-fld. forms. There are double and 

 semi-double forms in blue and white. The double 

 white is useful for cutting. For portraits of var. grandi- 

 flora, see G. 27:458; 28:553, 673; G.W. 12, p. 433. 

 Var. coronata, Hort., is a semi-double white form. F.S. 

 7:699. The pictures hi B.M. and F.S. show distinctly 

 saucer-shaped fls. Var. Moerheimei, Hort. White-fld., 

 double, 2-3 in. diam. : excellent. G.C. III. 27:414. G.M. 

 49:535. G.W. 6, p. 545; 12, p. 434. A.G. 23:497. Var. 

 marginata, Hort., has white fls. tinted blue on the bor- 

 ders. R.B. 32, p. 252. This species occasionally runs 

 wild, especially in England. The Ivs. are very charac- 

 teristic, and, once seen, are never forgotten. 



cc. St.-lvs. wider and coarsely toothed. 



11. latfloba, DC. (C. grdndis, Fisch. & Mey.) Peren- 

 nial, \-\ l A ft., glabrous: st. erect, simple, terete: st.- 

 lvs. 3-5 in. long, 4-6 lines wide, lanceolate, narrowed at 

 both ends, crenate-serrate: calyx-lobes ovate-acute, 

 broad, entire, erect, one-half shorter than the broadly 

 bell-shaped corolla: fls. blue, often 2 in. wide, sessile, 

 solitary or somewhat clustered, sometimes equaling 

 the ovate-acute, dentate bracts. Mt. Olympus. P.M. 

 10:31. H.U. 3, p. 137. Gt. 7:202. Fls. like C. persi- 

 cifolia. Quickly forms a dense carpet. Variable in 

 color. Var. alba, Hort. White fls. G. 19:440. 



BBS. Fls. bell-shaped or tubular, not saucer-shaped. 

 c. Infl. a dense roundish head. 



12. glomerata, Linn. One of the most variable: 

 perennial, 1-2 ft., typically pubescent: st. erect, simple, 

 terete: Ivs. serrulate, lower ones rough with very short, 

 stiff hairs, 1^-3 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, with a cordate, 

 ovate-oblong blade shorter than the petiole; upper ones 

 sessile, ovate, acute: fls. violet-blue to white, in dense 

 heads or glomes, 15-20 in the terminal heads, fewer in 

 axillary ones. Eu., Armenia, Persia, Siberia; some- 

 times escaped in this country. Gn.M. 14:9. B.M. 

 2649 is var. specidsa, which has the largest fls. L.B.C. 

 6 : 505 is var. sparsifldra, with much smaller clusters. 

 This is one of the earliest flowering and easiest of 

 cult. Fls. typically ^dark purple, running into lighter 

 varieties. Var. dahurica, Hort., is probably the com- 

 monest form: terminal clusters 3 in. or more thick, a 

 very characteristic infl. The fl. has a longer tube than 



C. lactiflora and C. thyrsoides. G. 26:305. Var. acaulis, 

 Hort., is an almost stemless form with very large fls.: 

 sts. only 3-5 in. high. G.W. 9, p. 272. Var. superba, 

 Hort., is a cross of the dwarf variety with var. dahurica: 

 large heads of deep violet fls. 



cc. Infl. a spike or raceme, dense or loose. 



D. Color of fls. normally white or yellowish. 



E. Corolla small, short-tubed. 



13. lactifldra, Bieb. Perennial, 2J^-6 ft.: st. erect, 

 branching: Ivs. sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acutely ser- 

 rate: calyx-lobes very broad, acute, serrulate, one-half 

 shorter than the broadly bell-shaped corolla: fls. in a 

 loose or dense panicle, which may be 3^ in. long and 

 thick; corolla white or pale blue, 1 in. long, nearly 1}^ 

 in. broad: caps, ovoid, erect. Caucasus, Siberia. B.M. 

 1973. G.C. III. 50:438. Gn. 61, p. 29; 63, p. 90; 71, 

 p. 418; 75, p. 89. G.M. 46: 



168; 48:545. Gn. W. 23:623. 

 The normally milk-white blue- 

 tinged fls. are characteristic. 

 Var. ccerulea, Hort., has light 

 blue fls. C. celtidifolia, Boiss., 

 referred to the above, may be 

 a strongly marked variety. C. 

 biserrdta, Koch, is also referred 

 here. 



14. thyrsoides, Linn. Bien- 

 nial, 1-13^ ft.; st. grooved: Ivs. 

 all covered with long hairs at 

 the margin; root-lvs. sessile, 

 spatulate or obtusely lanceo- 

 late, 2^2 in. long, %in. wide, 

 in a dense rosette, lying on 

 the ground; upper Ivs. more 

 narrow and acute: fls. 40^-50, 

 sulfur or creamy yellow, in a 

 dense thyrse-like spike, which 

 may be 6 in. long and 2H in- 

 broad; style exserted. Alps 

 and Jura, 3,000-6,000 ft. B.M. 

 1290. L.B.C. 17:1644. Inter- 

 mingled with the fls. in the 

 spike are Ivs. which are longer 

 than the fls., which is not true 

 of C. lactiflora. Should not be 

 confounded with C. thrysoidea, 

 Lapeyr., which = C. speciosa, 

 (see supplementary list). Ap- 

 parently no blue or purple forms 

 are known. The picture in B.M. 

 shows a characteristic red- 

 tipped calyx. Garden hybrids 



are reported with C. spicata (see Kew Bull. 1910, p. 322) . 



EE. Corolla large, long-tubed. 



15. Vidalii, H. C. Wats. Perennial, 1-2 ft.: st. 

 branching from the base: some branches short, sterile, 

 others tall, floriferous, all grooved, clammy, glossy: 

 Ivs. 3-4 in. long, oblong-spatulate, coarsely serrate, 

 thick, fleshy, firm, viscid, the upper ones gradually 

 becoming bracts: fls. 2 in. long, nodding, about 9 in a 

 loose terminal raceme; calyx-lobes triangular, thick, 

 one-fourth shorter than the corolla; corolla tubular, 

 swelled below, constricted above, white with a yellow 

 base. Azores. B.M. 4748. F.S. 7:729. A.F. 3:116. 

 G.C. III. 18:95; 34:330-1. Gn. 54, p. 299; 63, p. 297; 

 74, p. 402; 75, p. 410. J.F. 3, pi. 274. Very distinct. 



DD. Color of fls. normally blue or purple (with white 



varieties) . 



E. Size of fls. large. 

 F. Raceme pyramidal or long-conical, usually dense. 



16. pyramidalis, Linn. CHIMNEY CAMPANULA. Fig. 

 766. Glabrous perennial, 4-5 ft.: Ivs. glandular-den- 



765. A narrow-flowered 

 form of Campanula per- 

 sicifolia. 



