658 



CANNABIS 



CAPSICUM 



plants are to stand; but if quick effects are wanted, they 

 may be started indoors in pots or boxes. Hemp makes 

 excellent screens in remote places.. It thrives best in a 

 rich rather moist soil. For field cult, for fiber (which 

 is derived from the inner bark), see Cyclo. Amer. Agric., 

 Vol. II, p. 377. L . H . B. 



CANTELOUPE: Muskmelon. 

 CANTERBURY BELL: Campanula Medium. 



CANTUA (from Cantu, Peruvian name). Pole- 

 moniacex. Showy flowering shrubs, with variable 

 foliage, in greenhouses, and out-of-doors far South. 



785. Capparis spinosa. 

 (XK) 



Flowers corymbose; calyx campanulate, of 5 (rarely 

 3) sepals, which are much shorter than the long tubular 

 corolla; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla, but 

 exceeding it in length. -y-Six species in S. Amer. 

 One kind is recommended in Eu. as a coolhouse shrub. 

 No tenderer than fuchsias. Prop, by cuttings in sand 

 under a bell-jar. 



buxif&lia, Juss. (C. dependens, Pers.). Much- 

 branched shrub, about 4 ft. high; branches more or less 

 downy: Ivs. very variable, generally oblong-obovate, 

 acute, tapering at the base, entire or serrate, downy or 

 glabrous: fls. 5-8, drooping vertically, in a kind of leafy, 

 terminal corymb; calyx pale, membranous, green- 

 streaked, 5-toothed, a fourth shorter than the corolla- 

 tube; corolla long-funnel-shaped, the tube 2^ in. long, 

 red, usually streaked; limb of fringed, obcordate, 

 crimson lobes which are much shorter than the tube; 

 stamens included. Peru. Apr., May. B.M. 4582. 

 F.S. 7:650. R.H. 1858, p. 294. R.B. 27:181. One of 

 the choicest of European greenhouse plants. Very 

 liable to red spider. 



C. bicolor, Lem. Distinguished from the above by the entire Ivs. 

 which are shorter, about 1 in. long, and the solitary fls. with a short, 

 yellow tube, the limb not fringed. The fls. droop, but not vertically. 

 Peru. B.M. 4729. F.S. 4:343. Probably less desirable than the 

 above. C. pyrifdlia, Juss. Lvs. generally broader and more 

 toothed than in C. bicolor: fls. as many as 17, in an erect, terminal, 

 compound corymb; calyx red-tipped, nearly half as long as the 

 yellow corolla-tube; corolla about \}4 in. long, with a white limb; 

 stamens long, exserted. Peru. B.M. 4386. F.S. 4:383. 



WILHELM MILLER. 

 N. TAYLOR, f 



CAOUTCHOUC TREE: Hura, Manihot, Ficus elastica, Castilloa, 

 Hevea, Landolphia, and others, not treated here. 



CAPE BULBS. A name applied to bulbous and bulb- 

 like plants native to South Africa. They are dry-region 

 plants, and often bloom with us in summer and 

 autumn. Some of the leading genera are Amaryllis, 

 Brunsvigia, Nerine, Ixia, Tritonia, Watsonia. See Bulbs. 



CAPE'CHESTNUT: Calodendrum capensis. 



CAPE GOOSEBERRY: Physalis. 

 CAPE JESSAMINE: Gardenia. 

 CAPER: Capparis. 

 CAPE-SPURGE: Euphorbia Lathyrus. 



CAPPARIS (Greek, caper, said by some to have been 

 derived from the Arabic name of the plant). Cappa- 

 riddcese. CAPER- BUSH, or CAPER-TREE. Greenhouse 

 plants North, and suited to the open in Florida and 

 California. 



Trees and shrubs, with simple Ivs.: sepals 4, rarely 

 5; petals usually 4; stamens usually many, inserted 

 on the receptacle, the filaments thread-like and free; 

 ovary long-stalked, 1-4-celled, with many ovules. 

 More than 150 species distributed throughout the 

 warm regions of the earth. Differing from Cleome and 

 most other cult, genera of the family in having baccate, 

 not capsular, fr. 



Capers are pickles made by preserving the flower- 

 buds of C. spinosa, a straggling shrub which grows out 

 of old walls, rocks, and rubbish in Mediterranean 

 regions and India. Also rarely cultivated as a green- 

 house flowering shrub. Propagation is by cuttings of 

 ripe wood, under a bell-jar, in greenhouses, and by 

 seeds South. 



spindsa, Linn. Fig. 785. Spiny shrub, 3 ft. high, 

 often straggling and vine-like: Ivs. roundish or ovate, 

 deciduous: fls. borne singly, alternately, and fading 

 before noon; sepals 4; petals 4, oblong, clawed, wavy, 

 white, \ l /i in. long; stamens 40-50; filaments purple 

 above, perhaps the chief beauty of the plant. B.M. 291. 

 What seems to be the long style with a short un- 

 opened stigma, is really the elongated peduncle or 

 torus topped by the pistil, which has no style and a 

 minute stigma. Var. rupestris (C. rupestris, Sibth. & 

 Smith) is a spineless form. 



Mitchellii, Lindl. A much-branched shrub, usually 

 very spiny, and more or less densely tomentose: Ivs. 

 ovate-oblong, 1-1^ in. long, narrowed into a short 

 petiole: fls. few, axillary, white or yellowish, followed 

 by a tomentose globular berry 2 in. diam. Sand plains 

 of Austral. Suitable for dry places outdoors in S. 

 Calif. 



C. acuminata, Lindl. St. shrubby, with flexuose, smooth 

 branches: Ivs. petiolate ovate-lanceolate, acuminate: fls. large, soli- 

 tary, white, the conspicuous stamens 3-4 times as long as the 

 petals. China. B.R. 1320. WlLHELM MlLLER. 



N. TAYLOR, f 



CAPRIF6LIUM: Lonicera. 

 CAPRI6LA: Cynodon. 



CAPSICUM (name of uncertain origin, perhaps from 

 kapto, to bite, on account of the pungency of the seed or 

 pericarp ; or from capsa, a chest, having reference to the 

 form of fruit). Solanacese. RED PEPPER. CAYENNE 

 PEPPER. Herbs or shrubs, originally from tropical 

 America, but escaped from cultivation in Old World 

 tropics, where it was once supposed to be indigenous. 



Stem branchy, 1-6 ft. high, glabrous or nearly so: 

 Ivs. ovate or subelliptical, entire, acuminate: fls. white 

 or greenish white, rarely 

 violaceous, solitary or some- 

 times in 2's or 3's; corolla 

 rotate, usually 5-lobed; sta- 

 mens 5, rarely 6 or 7, with 

 bluish anthers dehiscing 

 longitudinally; ovary origi- 

 nally 2-3-loculed : fr. a juice- 

 less berry or pod, extremely 

 variable in form and size, 

 many-seeded, and with more 

 or less pungency about the 



seeds and pericarp. Fig. 736. Normal 2-loculed fruit of 

 786. The fr. becomes many- Capsicum, in cross-section. 



