660 



CARAGANA 



CARALLUMA 



with yellow, rarely whitish or pinkish flowers axillary 

 and solitary or fascicled, followed by linear pods. The 

 cultivated species are quite hardy, except a few Hima- 

 layan species. They grow in almost any soil, but best 

 in a sandy soil and sunny position, and are well adapted 

 for shrubberies. C. arborescens is the only one which 

 grows into a small tree, and is of upright habit, like 

 C. frutex, which is about half as high and more grace- 

 ful; most of the other species are low shrubs, of usu- 

 ally spreading habit. C. arborescens is one of the best 

 hedge shrubs for the prairies of the Northwest. 



Propagation is by seeds sown in fall or in spring; if 

 kept dry during the winter, soaking in tepid water for 

 two or three days before sowing will be of advantage; 

 also increased by root-cuttings and layers, or by graft- 

 ing on seedling stock 

 of C. arborescens in 

 spring. 



A. Lfts. 12-18, y^-y ? 



in. long: rachis 

 deciduous. 

 microphylla, Lam. 

 (C . Altagdna, Poir. C. 

 arborescens var. aren- 

 dna.Hort.). Fig. 790. 

 From 4-6 ft.: Ifts. 

 12-18, obovate, pu- 

 bescent when young, 

 grayish green, H m - 

 long or shorter: fls. 

 1 or 2, yellow, %in. 

 long; pedicel about 

 as long as the fl. 

 Siberia, China. L.B. 

 C. 11 : 1064. Under 

 this name a dwarf 

 form of C. arborescens 

 is often cult. Var. 

 megalantha, Schneid. 

 Lfts. bright green, % 

 or sometimes Kin. 

 long: fls. \Y in. long. 



790. Caragana microphylla. ( X H) 



AA. Lfts. 8-14, 



in. long: rachis 

 deciduous. 

 arborescens, Lam. 

 Shrub or small tree, 

 to 20 ft.: Lfts. 8-12, 

 obovate or oblong, 

 sparsely pubescent 

 beneath or glabrous 

 at length: fls. 1-A, 

 pale or bright yellow, 

 %in. long; pedicels usually longer than the fls.: pods 

 about 2 in. long. May, June. Siberia, Manchuria. G.O. 

 H. 67. Var. pendula, Dipp., with pendulous branches, is 

 the most remarkable; it should be grafted high. M.D. 

 G. 1897:425. Var. Lorbergii, Koehne. Lfts. linear to 

 linear-oblanceolate, about 1 in. long. A very peculiar 

 and striking form. 



fruticdsa, Bess. (C. Reddwskii, Fisch. C. arborescens 

 var. arenaria, Sims). Shrub, to 6 ft., very similar to the 

 preceding: Ifts. 10-14, oblong-elliptic to obovate, cu- 

 neate at the base, rounded at the apex; stipules herba- 

 ceous or somewhat spiny; pedicels and calyx puberu- 

 lous, calyx-teeth very short: pods about 1 in. long; 

 seeds brown. Amurland, Korea. B.M. 1886 (not good). 



AAA. Lfts. 2-4. 



B. Rachis of the Ivs. deciduous: pedicels as long as or 

 longer than the fls. 



friltex, Koch (C. frutescens, DC.). Fig. 791. From 

 6-10 ft. : Ifts. 4, approximate, nearly digitate, cuneate, 

 obovate or oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, 



glabrous, ^-1 in. long: fls. solitary, %-l in. long, yel- 

 low. May. S. Russia to China. Gt. 10:348. S.B.F.G. 

 3:227. Var. grandifldra, Koehne. Fls. somewhat 

 longer than 1 in.: Ifts. usually large and broad. Var. 

 latifolia, Schneid. (var. obtusifolia, Hort.). Lfts. more 

 than an inch long and about K in. broad: fls. as in 

 the type. 



BB. Rachis persistent, spiny: pedicels shorter than the fls. 



Chamlagu, Lam. Shrub, 2-4 ft.: spines long: Ifts. 4, 

 in 2 somewhat remote pairs, chartaceous, obovate, 

 emarginate or rounded at the apex, glabrous, %-%in. 

 long: fls. solitary, reddish yellow, 1% m - long. May. 

 N.China. G.O.H. 30. 



pygmaea, DC. (C. grdcilis, Hort.). One to 3 ft.: 

 spines short, J^in. : Ivs. nearly sessile; Ifts. 4, approxi- 

 mate and almost digitate, cuneate, linear-elliptic or 

 linear-lanceolate, glabrous, ^-^in. long: fls. solitary, 

 %in. long, golden yellow. Caucasus to Siberia and 

 Thibet. B.R. 12:1021. Grafted high on C. arbo- 

 rescens, it forms a graceful standard 

 tree, with pendulous branches. 



C. Altagana, Ppir.=C. microphylla. C. 

 arborescens arenaria, Hort.=C. microphylla. 

 C. arenaria, Dipp.=C. aurantiaca, Koehne. 

 C. aurantiaca, Koehne. Allied to C. 

 pygmsea. Fls. orange-yellow; calyx as long as 

 broad; ovary glabrous. Siberia. C. Boisii, 

 Schneid. (C. microphylla var. crasse-aculeata, 

 Bois). Allied to C. arborescens. Shrub, to 6 

 ft. : Ifts. 10-12, obovate or narrowly obovate, 

 about yivo.. long, silky pubescent beneath at 

 least when young, whitish beneath; stipules 

 spiny: fls. solitary. W. China. V.F. 57. C. 

 brevispina, Royle (C.triflora.Lindl.). 

 Spines 2-3 in. long: Ifts. 12-16, 

 pubescent: fls. 2-4, on a common 

 peduncle. Himalayas. P.F.G. 2: 

 184. C. decorticans, Hemsl. Allied 

 to C. microphylla. Shrub or small 

 tree, spiny: Ifts. 8-12, oval, less than 

 J^in. long: fls. 1-2. Afghanistan. 

 H.I. 18:1725. C. frutescens, DC. 

 =C. frutex. C. Gerardiana, Royle. 

 Spines 1 ^2-2 in. long: stipules large, 

 scarious: Ifts. 8-12, densely pubes- 

 cent: fls. 1-2, short - pedicelled. 

 Himalayas. C. grdcilis, Hort.=C. 

 pygmsea. C. grandifldra, DC. 

 Allied to C. pygmsea. Lfts. cuneate- 

 oblong, glabrous or pubescent: fls. 

 1 % in. long; calyx gibbous at the 

 base. Caucasus. The plant some- 

 times cult, under this name is a 

 variety of C. frutex. C. jubata, 

 Pall. Sparingly branched shrub 

 with very thick, spiny and villous 

 branches: stipules large, scarious: Ifts. 8-14, linear-objong, villoua 

 beneath: fls. whitish, 1 in. long, short-pedicelled. Siberia. F.S. 

 19:2013. L. B. C. 6:522. Gt. 10:331. A very distinct and curious- 

 looking species: hardy. C. sophorsefdlia, Bess. (C. arborescens X C. 

 microphylla. C. cuneifolia, Dipp. ). Lfts. usually 12, oblong to elliptic, 

 cuneate, acute: pods %in. long. Garden origin. C. spindsa, DC. 

 Spines 1 in. long: Ifts. 4, rarely more, approximate, cuneate-lancec- 

 late, glabrous: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled. Siberia. C. spinosis- 

 sima, C. Koch=C. spinosa. C. tragacanthoides, Poir. Spiny: Ifts. 

 4-8, cuneate, oblong, pubescent: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled; calyx 

 villous-pubescent. Himalayas. C. trifldra, Lindl.=C. brevispina. 

 C. vulgdris, Hort.=C. arborescens. ALFRED REHDER. 



CARAGUATA. By the latest monographer referred to Gut- 

 mania, which see. 



CARALLUMA (aboriginal name). Asdepiadacese. 

 Low succulents, sometimes seen in collections; about 

 40 species, from S. Spain and Afr. to Arabia and 

 India. They resemble stapelias, and require similar 

 treatment. The sts. are leafless, somewhat branched, 

 erect, 4-sided and the angles toothed : fls. near the sum- 

 mit of the sts., more or less clustered, purple, brown and 

 yellow, and other colors; corolla rotate and 5-parted: fr. 

 long and slender follicles. The carallumas are probably 

 not in the American trade. Some of the names that 

 may be expected in collections are C. adscendens, R. 

 Br.; C. affinis, Wildem.; C. campanulata, N. E. Br. 

 (Boucerosia campanulata, Wight); C. commutata, 

 Berger (sometimes grown as C. Sprengeri); C. fimbri- 

 ata, Wall.; C. inversa, N. E. Br.; C. Luntii, N. E. Br.; 



